克拉玛依地区宫颈疾病流行病学调查分析

目的 通过研究克拉玛依地区不同年龄段和不同民族等宫颈疾病患病率的有关因素,提出相应的建议,采取有效的预防措施,保障妇女的生殖健康水平,降低宫颈癌的发病率.方法 采用整群抽样的方法,以新村为单位,抽取克拉玛依地区9573例年龄20～61岁的已婚妇女,行妇科普查并行液基细胞学检查,查出274例细胞学异常患者,进一步行阴道镜检查并活检,其中,慢性宫颈炎111例、宫颈上皮内瘤变153例、宫颈鳞癌10例.结果 克拉玛依地区慢性宫颈炎的发病年龄主要集中在20～31岁,维吾尔族妇女患病率高于其他民族.初次性生活年龄在18岁以下、阴式分娩、分娩2次以上、节育环避孕、绝育、避孕药是危险因素,而初产在25岁以上、工具避孕是保护因素.结论 加强已婚妇女的生殖健康教育,提高卫生保健水平,定期进行妇科体检和宫颈细胞学检查,是控制妇女宫颈疾病的关键,是预防妇女宫颈恶性肿瘤的有效手段.

Epidemiological survey of cervical diseases in Klmy, Xinjiang

Objective To understand the prevalence and risk factors of common cervical diseases among the married women in Klmy, Xinjiang so as to take effective measures to safeguard their reproductive health and lower the morbidity rate of cervical cancer. Methods Employing the method of cluster sampling,the medical staff carried out a general survey on the gynecological diseases and cervical diseases among 9573 married women in Klmy. Results All these subjects suffered various kinds of gynecological diseases. The cervical diseases were concentrated among 21 to 30 years old women. The morbidity rate of cervical diseases was higher in Uigur women than that in other nationalities. There were some important risk factors for cervical diseases, such as first intercourse age under 18 years old, vaginal delivery, contraception and so on. Conclusion Cervical diseases have a great impact on women's health. The preventive measures include improving unhealthy behaviors, strengthening gynecological follow-ups and conducting cytological examinations.