广州市部分企业噪声作业工人听力损失现况分析

目的对广州市部分企业噪声作业工人听力损失现况进行分析,以达到保护工人听力的目的。方法以部分企业长期接触噪声的440名工人为研究对象,测量等效A声级(LAeq)。按等能量原则将LAeq和噪声作业工龄合并计算累积噪声暴露量(CNE);用logistic回归模型分析听力损失的相关因素。结果作业环境噪声强度超标率为41.20%,噪声强度均值为(89.30±4.57)dB(A)。440例噪声作业工人听力损失检出率为23.86%,听力损失与耳塞防护、工龄、年龄和CNE存在正相关关系(P0.05)。非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、工龄可能是听力损失的危险因素(偏回归系数为正值,OR值1)。结论在有佩戴耳塞防护的情况下,CNE作为听力损失的评价指标不敏感,佩戴耳塞仍是目前最好的防护措施。

Survey on noise induced hearing loss of workers with noise exposure in some factories of Guangzhou City

Objective]To analyze the current situation of hearing loss of workers with noise exposure in some factories of Guangzhou City. Methods]A total of 440 workers with long-term noise exposure were selected as study objects.A-weighted sound pressure noise level(LAeq) was measured.According to equal-energy rule,LAeq and noise exposure duration were incorporated for the calculation of cumulative noise expose(CNE).Logistic regression model was used to analyze the related factors between noise expose and hypertension. Results]The mean of noise intensity was(89.30±4.57) dB(A),and 41.20% were higher than the 85 sanitary requirement.The detection rate of hearing loss was 23.86%.The hearing loss was positively correlated with earplug protecting,the length of time of noise exposure,age and CNE,respectively(P<0.05).Unconditional logistic regression analysis showed age and the service length might serve as a risk factor of hearing loss(Partial regression coefficient is positive,OR >1). Conclusion]CNE served as evaluating indicator of hearing loss is insensitive in a case of earplugs protection.Earplug still seems to be the best measure for prevention at present.