超声引导腔内治疗联合分流术治疗布-加综合征的疗效观察

目的探讨超声引导下腔内治疗联合分流术治疗布-加综合征的疗效。方法回顾性分析1995年1月至2011年1月期间在我院经多普勒超声引导下行球囊扩张及内支架置入术治疗136例布-加综合征患者的临床资料,所有患者均行球囊扩张,其中53例行下腔静脉内支架置入,31例因肝静脉闭塞,在介入治疗术后1周再行分流术,对治疗后的近期和远期疗效进行分析。结果经腔内治疗后,本组患者的下腔静脉压均明显降低(P<0.01),下腔静脉内径、血流速度及右房压均明显增加(P<0.01)。13例患者出现轻度心功能不全,分流术后有3例出现胰腺炎,1例术后第10天死于上消化道出血。下腔静脉及分流血管多普勒超声检查结果显示:在介入治疗术后第3天起肿大的肝脾开始缩小(以锁骨中线与肋缘下交点至肝脏或脾脏远端的距离计),肿大的肝脏缩小2～7 cm(平均5.5 cm),肿大的脾脏缩小3～8 cm(平均5.8 cm),术后腹水消失时间为3～60 d(平均14 d)。136例患者均获随访,随访1个月至15年(平均3年),1例患者于2年后支架远心端出现狭窄,1例患者1年后肝静脉血栓形成,1例患者支架术后3年合并肝癌,1例患者1年后合并丙肝死亡,6例不孕症患者1年后5例得子。所有患者术后下腔静脉通畅,支架无移位,分流血管无血栓形成,门静脉高压症状明显缓解。结论超声引导下腔内治疗布-加综合征简便、安全,疗效较好,对肝静脉全部闭塞者需加行门体分流术。该方法为治疗肝后段下腔静脉狭窄或短段闭塞合并肝静脉闭塞的布-加综合征提供了一种可行和有效的方法。

Study on The Effect of Endovascular Treatment Guided by Ultrasonography Combined with Portosystemic Shunts for Budd-Chiari Syndrome

Objective To explore the effect of endovascular treatment guided by ultrasonography combined with portosystemic shunts on the patients with Budd-Chiari Syndrome(BCS).Methods The clinical data of 136 patients with BCS treated by balloon angioplasty and stent implantation guided by Doppler ultrasonography in our hospital from January 1995 to January 2011 were retrospectively analyzed.After balloon angioplasty,53 patients were treated by inferior vena cava(IVC) stent implantation and 31 patients with hepatic venous occlusion underwent portosystemic shunts(PSSs) at one week after endovascular treatment.The long-and short-term effects after treatment were studied.Results After endovascular procedures,the IVC pressure of patients significantly decreased(P<0.01), while IVC diameter,flow velocity in the lesion,and right atrial pressure of patients showed significant increase(P<0.01).Slight heart dysfunction appeared in 13 cases of patients.After shunting,acute pancreatitis occurred in 3 cases,and 1 patient died of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage on the 10 d after PSSs.Doppler ultrasonography for IVC and shunt vessels showed:the swollen liver and spleen lessened on 3d after endovascular procedures.The swollen liver lessened 2-7cm(mean 5.5cm),swollen spleen lessened 3-8cm(mean 5.8cm),and the time of ascites disappearance was 3-60d(mean 14d).All the patients were followed up for 1 month to 15 years with an average of 3 years.Restenosis of the distal part of stent was found in 1 patient in 2 years after operation,hepatic vein occlusion occurred in 1 case in 1 year after treatment,hepatocellular carcinoma occurred in 1 patient in 3 years after stent implantation,and 1 patient died of C type hepatitis after 1 year,and 5 out of 6 cases of patients with infertility had babies after 1 year.All patients had no stent migration or occlusion of shunts and the symptoms of portal hypertension were obviously relieved.Conclusions Endovascular treatment guided by Doppler ultrasonography is a convenient,safe,and effective method for BCS.Portosystemic shunts are commended to patients with hepatic venous occlusions.The above mentioned methods provide a feasible and effective means for IVC stenosis and short segment occlusion with hepatic vein occlusion of BCS.