湘江株洲城区段水质监测、评价及污染因素调查分析

目的通过对湘江株洲段水质监测及污染因素调查,为保护湘江水体卫生提供依据。方法选择湘江株洲段上缘、下缘及距下缘5km处分别布三个监测点。在丰水期和枯水期每期监测两次,每次取湘江左岸、江中、右岸水样共计36个水样,按国家统一水质检测方法检测污染物。结果株洲在经过一定的环保措施后,水质状况有好转,但目前仍有污染,特别是镉、挥发酚、汞、砷超标率高,分别为2.64%、2.28%、1.36%、0.86%,主要污染来源仍为工业废水。并且与江中采砂搅动江底污泥、医院污水排放、生产、生活用水排放有关。另外,清除城镇污沟、清洗含毒物质用具可导致突发性污染。结论今后须加强对广大民众保护水资源卫生的宣传教育,并从根本上解决废水处理。

Water Quality Surveillance, Evaluation and Survey on Pollution Factors of Zhuzhou Segment Xiang River

Objective To inspect the water quality of Xiang River Zhuzhou specific segment and the pollution factors and to provide factual proofs for the protection of water quality of Xiang River. Methods The study was conducted at three different points, namely the points that were 5 km from the upper area, lower area and near-lower area of Zhuzhou respectively. The inspection was performed at both the high flow and low flow period, twice for each period. For each inspection, the sample water was collected from both the left and right side and in the middle of the river. Altogether 36 of samples were examined according to the national unified water quality inspection approach. Results As a result of series of environmental protection activities, the water quality had improved in some extent, but pollution still existed, among which the containment of Cadmium, volatile phenol, mercury and arsenic all exceeded the standard by the rates of 2.64%, 2.28%, 1.36%, and 0.86% respectively. The main pollution origin was the industrial wastewater. In addition, the sand quarry stirred some polluting materials, such as the riverbed filthy mud, sewage from hospitals, and some wastewater from factories and daily life. Furthermore, the cleaning of the city sewage and some noxious equipment resulted in a sudden pollution as well. Conclusion In future, the education on the protection of water resources is necessary for all the public to eliminate the problem of wastewater disposal.