猪红细胞血型抗原修饰异种输血的研究进展

异种器官移植所取得的突破性进展为异种输血的研究带来了曙光。人与猪的红细胞的血清学和生物化学特性有许多相似之处，因此猪就成为实现异种输血最具有可能性的红细胞供体，猪红细胞上存在异种抗原，包括αGal抗原和non-αGal抗原。αGal抗原和人血清中天然存在的抗αGal抗体结合后引起的免疫排斥反应在抗体介导的凝集反应中起主要作用。但是non-αGal抗原和人血清中天然存在的抗non-αGal抗体结合引起的免疫排斥反应作用也不能低估，经特定修饰，改造以及的猪红细胞，是来源丰富的异种血源。

Recent Advance on Blood Group Antigen Modification of Porcine Erythrocytes

Advances in the field of xenotransplantation raise the intriguing possibility of using porcine red blood cells (pRBCs) as an alternative source for blood transfusion. Serologically, pRBCs share a number of characteristics with human red blood cells (RBCs), so pRBCs are considered the most likely donor for xenotransfusion. However, xenoantigens on porcine erythrocytes play major roles in antibody-mediated RBC destruction. Although the alphaGal epitope (Galalpha1, 3Galbeta1, 4GalNAc-R) is the major xenoantigen on porcine erythrocytes and is responsible for the binding of the majority of human natural antibodies, other non-alphaGal xenoantigens have been identified. The importance of these non-alphaGal xenoantigens in binding human natural antibodies and subsequently triggering immunological responses cannot be underestimated.