开胸术后并发急性肺动脉栓塞的诊断与治疗

目的 探讨开胸术后并发急性肺动脉血栓栓塞(PTE)的诊断与治疗方法。方法分析2001年1月～2002年6月间诊治的5例胸部肿瘤开胸术后并发PTE病例的临床资料。结果5例患者于术后72～168h出现突发憋气、胸痛、心悸等症状,查体为呼吸急促、血压下降、心动过速。经多普勒超声心动图、螺旋CT肺动脉造影检查明确FIE诊断。3例于确诊当日行肺动脉介入破碎、吸出血栓及溶栓治疗,1例行全身溶栓治疗。行溶栓治疗的4例痊愈,无胸腔出血、伤口渗血等并发症,无复发。1例未能行溶栓治疗即猝死。结论胸部肿瘤开胸术后患者是PTE的高发人群。PTE诊断以影像学检查为主。开胸术后PTE患者采用溶栓治疗应谨慎,并尽可能应用肺动脉介入治疗,经导管破碎、吸出血栓加局部溶栓。

Diagnosis and treatment for pulmonary thromboembolism in postthoracotomy patients

OBJECTIVE: To report the experience in the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) in postthoracotomy patients and to analyze current problems in this field. METHODS: From January 2001 to June 2002 we diagnosed and treated 5 patient who had pulmonary thromboembolism, 72-168 hours after thoracotomy (male 4, female 1, mean age 63 years). Symptoms include breathholding, chest pain, palpitation, coma and so on. Physical signs include tachypnea, hypotension and tachycardia. We utilized spiral CT pulmonary artery angiography (SCTPA) and Doppler echocardiography to judge PTE. Pulmonary artery interventional therapy was used in 3 cases and total body thrombolysis in 1. RESULTS: 4 patients recovered with no complication and recurrence; 1 patient died from congestive heart failure and respiratory failure. CONCLUSION: Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and PTE are related to the surgical intervention, chest tumor and thoracotomy is high risk factors. Screenage examination is primary to used. Pulmonary artery interventional therapy is safe to the postthoracotomy patients. Preventive measures is very important in the high-risk group.