宫颈癌淋巴结转移的高危因素及预后分析

背景与目的:盆腔淋巴结转移是影响宫颈癌预后的主要危险因素,但综合淋巴结转移的相关因素与预后分析的报道鲜见。本文综合分析宫颈癌淋巴结转移的高危因素、分布规律及预后因素,探讨淋巴结转移风险的评估以及淋巴结转移的治疗。方法:对205例在中山大学肿瘤防治中心妇科行广泛全宫切除加盆腔淋巴结清扫的病例进行回顾性分析。结果:总体盆腔淋巴结转移率为24.4%(50/205)。单因素分析显示,宫颈癌淋巴结转移的相关因素有治疗前血清SCC-Ag水平、临床分期、宫颈管及宫颈阴道部浸润深度、宫旁韧带侵犯;SCC-Ag超过4μg/L时,淋巴结转移的风险增加4.2倍(P<0.001,OR=4.212)。多因素分析表明,临床分期和宫颈管肌层浸润深度是淋巴结转移最主要的高危因素。淋巴结转移规律分析结果显示,转移淋巴结主要分布在闭孔及闭孔窝区(48.0%);60.0%转移病例存在多组淋巴结转移,并出现跳跃式转移现象。淋巴结转移与宫颈深肌层侵犯、宫旁浸润之间关系密切,72.0%的淋巴结转移者同时存宫颈深肌层浸润,90.9%的宫旁韧带浸润者出现淋巴结转移。预后分析结果显示,术后补充放疗者的5年生存率较未作放疗者高(89.1%vs45.5%,P=0.012)。结论:治疗前血清SCC-Ag>4μg/L、宫颈阴道部深肌层浸润、宫旁韧带受侵,特别是临床分期晚、宫颈管深肌层浸润时,宫颈癌淋巴结转移的风险提高。术前评估淋巴结转移风险高的病例,应行标准的宫颈癌根治术,以保证系统的淋巴结清扫及足够的宫旁切除范围。对病理证实有盆腔淋巴结转移的患者,术后补充放疗可改善预后。

Risk factors and prognosis of node-positive cervical carcinoma

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Pelvic lymph node metastasis is an important prognostic factor of cervical carcinoma, but few have been reported on both risk factors and prognostic factors of node-positive cervical carcinoma. This study was to evaluate risk factors, distribution pattern, and prognosis of node-positive cervical carcinoma, and explore the forecast of lymph node metastasis and appropriate treatment. METHODS: Clinical data of 205 cervical cancer patients who had undergone radical hysterectomy and bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of lymph node metastasis was 24.4% (50/205). Univariate analysis showed that risk factors of node metastasis were serum level of squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag) before treatment, clinical stage, invasive depth of cervical canal or vaginal portion of the cervix, and uterine ligaments involvement. SCC values exceeding 4 microg/L increased the risk of nodal metastasis by 4.2 folds (P<0.001, OR=4.212). Multivariate analysis showed that clinical stage and invasive depth of cervical canal were the major risk factors. The obturator and obturator fossae lymph nodes were the most frequently involved, with a rate of 48.0%. Moreover, 60.0% node-positive patients had multiple sites lymph node metastases, and saltatory metastasis was found. Lymph node metastasis was closely related to deep muscularis involvement of the cervix and parametrial involvement; 72.0% nodal metastases were accompanied with deep muscularis involvement of the cervix, 90.9% uterine ligament invasions were accompanied with lymph node metastasis. The 5-year survival rate was significantly higher in the patients received postoperative radiation than in the patients didn't receive radiation (89.1% vs. 45.5%, P=0.012). CONCLUSIONS: Serum level of SCC-Ag before treatment exceeding 4 microg/L, deep muscularis involvement of vaginal portion of the cervix, uterine ligaments involvement, especially advanced stage and deep muscularis involvement of the cervical canal, are risk factors of pelvic lymph node metastasis of cervical cancer. The standard type III radical hysterectomy and bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy should be performed to the patients with high risk of lymph node metastasis to ensure enough amplitude of parametrectomy and excision of positive nodes. When lymph node metastasis is confirmed after surgery, postoperative radiation can improve the prognosis.