NK-1受体拮抗剂在癌症化疗止吐中的应用

化学治疗是目前肿瘤治疗的最重要手段，然而由化疗药物引起的不良反应，尤其是恶心、呕吐，使患者因产生惧怕而影响疗程，并严重削弱机体自身的抵抗力，因此有效的止吐对化疗是必不可少的。目前，临床使用的化疗止吐药物主要为5-HT3受体拮抗剂和NK-1受体拮抗剂。继美国FDA批准第一个NK-1受体拮抗剂阿瑞吡坦以来，有多种NK-1受体拮抗剂相继上市。NK-1受体拮抗剂作为止吐药物为预防和治疗癌症患者化疗后恶心呕吐（CINV）反应提供了更有效、经济、多元化和安全的选择，从而在化疗过程中减少或避免CINV引起的依从性差，疗效不稳定和对其他止吐剂不耐受等情况。本文就NK-1受体拮抗剂在肿瘤化疗止吐中的临床应用予以综述。 

NK-1 Receptor Antagonists as Antiemetics for Cancer Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy is the most important method for cancer treatment. However, side effects such as nausea and emesis cause fear among patients and weaken their body resistance. Therefore, effective antiemetics are indispensable during chemotherapy. At present, 5-HT3 and NK-1 receptor antagonists are mainly used as antiemetics. After aprepitant, the first NK-1 receptor antagonist, was authorized for use by the FDA, several NK-1 receptor antagonists have been marketed. As antiemetics, NK-1 receptor antagonists provide a more effective, economical, diversified, and safer choice for preventing and treating chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). NK-1 receptor antagonists encourage compliance and prevent the unstable curative effect and intolerance to other antiemetics caused by CINV during chemotherapy. This review introduces the application of NK-1 receptor antagonists as antiemetics for cancer chemotherapy.