海南省新生儿接种乙肝疫苗阻断母婴传播影响因素调查

目的研究海南省影响新生儿接种乙肝疫苗阻断母婴传播的因素,为制定乙肝控制策略提供依据。方法采取按容量比例概率(PPS)和机械抽样方法,调查12~24月龄儿童及其母亲和小学一年级新生乙肝疫苗免疫史,采集被调查儿童静脉血3ml,同时采集12~24月龄儿童母亲血5ml,用ELISA法检测儿童HBsAg携带状况和母亲乙肝病毒感染状况。结果全省抽查12-36月龄儿童666名,一年级新生528名,母亲501名。儿童乙肝疫苗首针及时率分别为91.59%、41.48%;及时接种儿童HBsAg携带率为1.21%,不及时接种者为7.12%;及时接种儿童中HBsAg携带率12~36月龄为0.49%,一年级新生为3.2.%;HBsAg携带率全程接种儿童为2.35%,未接种儿童为11.67%;母亲中HBsAg、HBeAg双阳性所生儿童HBsAg携带率最高,为13.79%,HBsAg单阳性所生儿童为1.52%,HBsAg阴性母亲所生儿童为0.24%,三者差异有显著统计学意义(x2=56.76,P0.01);新生儿乙肝母婴阻断率为94.16%,母亲HBsAg单阳性者阻断率为98.32%,HBsAg、HBeAg双阳性者阻断率为84.68%。12-36月龄儿童中携带HBsAg的均为母亲双阳或单阳者,6名携带HBsAg儿童及时接种率仅为16.67%。结论海南省将乙肝疫苗纳入儿童免疫规划后有效阻断了母婴传播,对母亲HBsAg阳性,特别是双阳性母亲所生携带HBsAg儿童,虽不能排除宫内感染的可能性,但不及时接种乙肝疫苗是主要因素。

Investigation of factors influencing interrupting transmission of hepatitis B from mothers to the newborns by vaccination of the newborns in Hainan Province

Objective To investigate the factors influencing interrupting tranmisssion of hepaitis B from mothers to the newborns by immunization of the newborns with hepatitis B vaccine and provide evidence for making control strategy. Methods Infants aged 12~24 months and primary school pupils were sampled by probability-proportional-to-size sampling (PPS)and randomized mechanical sampling. The history of hepatitis B vaccine vacciantion was surveyed and 3ml or 5ml navel blood was collected from the infants and their ...