伴焦虑障碍注意缺陷多动障碍儿童的行为问题和自我意识特点

目的:探讨伴焦虑障碍的注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)儿童的行为问题和自我意识水平的特点.方法:对湖南省6个地区5～17岁中小学生采用分层随机的抽样方法,共抽取9495名儿童,采用二阶段流行病学调查方法,最后选出符合标准的三组儿童(对照组214人、单纯ADHD组219人、伴焦虑障碍ADHD组111人).入组儿童由家长填写儿童行为量表(Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist,CBCL),儿童自己填写儿童自我意识量表(children's self-concept scale,CSCS).结果:(1)单纯ADHD组儿童行为问题评分均大于对照组[如行为问题总分(30.35±24.32)vs.(16.97±14.86),P<0.01],而儿童自我意识量表评分均小于对照组[如总分(50.85±9.98)vs.(57.46±10.80),P<0.05];(2)伴焦虑障碍ADHD组行为问题评分[如总分(41.66±28.07)]均大于对照组(P<0.01),而儿童自我意识量表中除躯体情况外,其他评分均小于对照组(Ps<0.05);(3)伴焦虑障碍ADHD组行为问题评分均大于单纯ADHD组(P<0.05),而儿童自我意识量表中的行为分、焦虑分、合群分及总分均小于单纯ADHD组[(10.44±3.17)vs.(11.55±2.80),(8.06±2.61)vs.(9.21±2.61),(7.42±2.22)vs.(8.16±1.89),(47.25±9.93)vs.(50.85±9.98);均P<0.05].结论:ADHD儿童与正常儿童相比其行为问题多,自我意识差,而伴焦虑障碍ADHD儿童比单纯ADHD儿童的行为问题更突出,自我意识更差.

Behavior Problems and Self-Consciousness in ADHD Children Comorbid with Anxiety Disorder

Objective：To explore the characteristics of behavioral problems and self-concept level in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)accompanying anxiety disorder.Methods：With stratified random sampling method,a sampling survey was made in 9495 children(aged 5～17 years)from 6 regions of Hunan province together.Using the two stage epidemiologic research method,three groups,including control group(214 cases),pure ADHD(219 cases)and ADHD accompanying anxiety disorder(111 cases)were determined as the subjects.All the subjects completed the Children's Self-Concept Scale(CSCS),and the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist(CBCL)was completed by their parents.Results：(1)Compared to the control group,the pure ADHD group scored higher in CBCL [e.g.,the total score:(30.35±24.32)vs.(16.97±14.86)],and scored lower in CSCS [e.g.,total score:(50.85±9.98)vs.(57.46±10.80),P<0.05].(2)Compared to the control group,children with ADHD accompanying anxiety disorder scored higher in CBCL [e.g.,total score:(41.66±28.07),P<0.01],and in CSCS except physical activities(Ps<0.05).(3)Compared to the pure ADHD group,ADHD accompanying anxiety disorder group scored higher in CBCL and lower in CSCS[behavior:(10.44±3.17)vs.(11.55±2.80);anxiety:(8.06±2.61)vs.(9.21±2.61),gregariousness:(7.42±2.22)vs.(8.16±1.89);total score:(47.25±9.93)vs.(50.85±9.98);Ps<0.05].Conclusion：ADHD children have more behavioral problems and lower level of self-concept than normal children,and children with ADHD accompanying anxiety disorder have more prominent presence of behavioral problems and lower self-concept rating than children with pure ADHD.