Effect of electromyostimulation training on soleus and gastrocnemii H- and T-reflex properties

When muscle is artificially activated, as with electromyostimulation (EMS), action potentials are evoked in both intramuscular nerve branches and cutaneous receptors, therefore activating spinal motoneurons reflexively. Maximal soleus and gastrocnemii H- and T-reflex and the respective mechanical output were thus quantified to examine possible neural adaptations induced at the spinal level by EMS resistance training. Eight subjects completed 16 sessions of isometric EMS (75 Hz) over a 4-week period. Maximal soleus and gastrocnemii M wave (M_max), H reflex (H_max) and T reflex (T_max) were compared between before and after training, together with the corresponding plantar flexor peak twitch torque. No significant changes were observed for electromechanical properties of H_max reflex following EMS. On the other hand, peak twitch torque produced by T_max, but not by equal-amplitude H reflex, significantly increased as a result of training (+21%, P<0.05). These changes were associated with a trend towards a significant increase for normalized gastrocnemii (+21%, P=0.07) but not soleus T_max reflex. It is concluded that, contrary to results previously obtained after voluntary physical training, EMS training of the plantar flexor muscles did not affect alpha motoneuron excitability and/or presynaptic inhibition, as indicated by H-reflex results. On the other hand, in the absence of change in a control group, T_max electromechanical findings indicated that: (1) equal-amplitude H- and T-reflex adapted differently to EMS resistance training; and (2) EMS had an effect on gastrocnemii but not on soleus muscle, perhaps because of the differences in respective motor unit characteristics (e.g., axon diameter).