2008年北海市农村学校自备饮用水卫生状况及其健康风险评估

目的]了解农村学校自备饮用水水源的卫生与水质状况,为政府部门制定改水决策提供技术依据。方法]2008年11月,对北海市58所农村学校的自备饮用水进行卫生学调查,并对供水情况和师生的基本情况、饮水行为及饮水卫生知识知晓情况进行调查。结果]调查58所学校自备水源,饮水覆盖35166人。检测末梢水58份,合格率较低的指标是pH值（合格率为24.14%）、总大肠菌群（合格率为75.86%）、耐热大肠菌群（合格率为75.86%）、细菌总数（合格的为67.24%）。末梢水水质总合格率为5.18%,饮用合格饮用水的3608人,占10.26%;微生物指标合格率为67.24%,饮用合格水的27698人,占78.76%;pH值合格率为24.14%,饮用合格水的10998人,占31.27%。饮水卫生知识合格率,水质合格率高的学校师生为76.03%,水质合格率低的学校师生为67.70%（P〈0.01）。结论]北海市农村使用自备水学校饮用水水质合格率较低,不合格水样覆盖人群较广,人群饮水卫生知识水平不高。

Assessment on Hygienic Status and Health Risk of Self-supplied Drinking Water in Rural Schools of Beihai City in 2008

Objective]To understand the hygienic status and quality of self-supplied drinking water in rural schools,so as to provide scientific basis for decision-making by government departments on water improvement.Methods]In November 2008,a hygienic survey was conducted on self-supplied drinking water in 58 rural schools,and a KAP questionnaire survey was also conducted on water supply conditions and the basic situation of teachers and students,drinking water behavior and sanitation knowledge.Results]58 school-owned water supplies were surveyed,water covered 35 166 people.In detection of 58 samples of peripheral water,the passing rate was low in pH（the passing rate of 24.14%）,total coliform（the pass rate of 75.86%）,heat-resistant coliform（the pass rate of 75.86%）,total number of bacteria（the pass rate of 67.24%）.Peripheral water was 5.18% of total eligible drinking water in 3 608 people qualified,accounting for 10.26%;microbe pass rate 67.24%,drinking water of 27 698 eligible people,accounting for 78.76%;pH value of pass rate 24.14%,drinking water,10 998 eligible,31.27%.The high passing rate of drinking water hygiene,water quality for school students and teachers was 76.03%,the low water quality rate for teachers and students was 67.70%（P0.01）.Conclusion]The passing rate of the water quality of self-supplied drinking water is low in rural schools of Beihai city,the unqualified water samples cover a wide population,and the level of knowledge on drinking water sanitation is not high in the populations.