性别、人性态度与青少年移情、亲社会行为的关系

目的:研究性别和人性态度对青少年移情、亲社会行为的影响.方法:采用基本移情量表(BES)、长处与困难问卷(SDQ)和儿童马基雅维里主义量表(KMS)对207名中学生进行调查.结果:①认知移情、情感移情与亲社会行为间存在正相关关系(r=0.450和0.381,P<0.05),认知移情、情感移情和亲社会行为与对人性缺乏信心间存在负相关关系(r=-0.180、-0.232和-0.240,P<0.05).②以移情为自变量、亲社会行为为因变量,分性别做回归分析,显示男女生回归方程的回归系数与解释率不相同.③分别以认知移情和情感移情为自变量,以对人性缺乏信心为调节变量,以亲社会行为为因变量做层次回归分析,发现情感移情与对人性缺乏信心交互作用项对亲社会行为有预测作用(P<0.05).结论:青少年移情可正向预测亲社会行为,对人性缺乏信心可负向预测亲社会行为;男生组移情与亲社会行为的关系强度高于女生;对人性缺乏信心可以调节情感移情与亲社会行为的关系.

Relationship between gender,attitude to human nature,empathy and prosocial behavior in adolescents

Aim:To explore the relationship between gender,lack of faith in human nature,empathy,and prosocial behavior.Methods:The Basic Empathy Scale,Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire and Kiddie Machiavellianism Scale were used to investigate 207 adolescents.Results:Cognitive empathy and affective empathy were positively correlated with prosocial behavior(r=0.450,0.381;P<0.05),lack of faith in human nature was negatively correlated with cognitive empathy,affective empathy and prosocial behavior(r=-0.180,-0.232,-0.240;P<0.05).The differences of regression coefficient between empathy and prosocial behavior were statistically significant between boys and girls,and the former was higher than the latter.The product of affective empathy and lack of faith in human nature could significantly predict prosocial behavior in the regression equation(P<0.05).Conclusion:In adolescents,high empathy could positively predict prosocial behavior;lack of faith in human nature could negatively predict prosocial behavior.Lack of faith in human nature exerts an important moderating effect on the relationship between affective empathy and prosocial behavior.