针灸治疗膝骨性关节炎作用机制研究概况

膝骨性关节炎（knee osteoarthritis，KOA）是在正常关节软骨退变的基础上，经局部负荷不均、不良的生物力学结构改变加重关节软骨磨损，继而出现关节软骨变形、骨质增生及坏死，继发的炎症刺激，免疫学因素又导致关节功能障碍加重的慢性关节疾病。针灸治疗KOA疗效确切，但其治疗机制尚不明确。现总结相关文献研究，发现主要作用机制与抑制软骨细胞凋亡、调节分子生物学反应、调整生物力学、改善局部微循环、抗炎镇痛有关，旨在为临床诊疗提供思路，为进一步发展和推广针灸治疗KOA。

Mechanism research of acupuncture in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is mainly based on the degeneration of articular cartilage, which is aggravated by local load changes and adverse biomechanical structure changes, followed by articular cartilage deformation, bone hyperplasia and necrosis, secondary inflammatory stimulation, and immunological factors lead to chronic joint disease with aggravated articular dysfunction. Acupuncture is effective in the treatment of KOA, but its mechanism is not clear. The paper summarizes the relevant literature research on acupuncture and moxibustion in the treatment of KOA, and finds that the main mechanism is related to inhibiting chondrocyte apoptosis, adjusting biomechanics, regulating molecular biological response, improving local microcirculation, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic. The purpose of the paper is to provide ideas for clinical diagnosis and treatment and to further develop and popularize acupuncture treatment of KOA.