2014 - 2018年陕西省农村生活饮用水微生物污染调查

目的 了解陕西省2014年以来农村生活饮用水水质微生物指标污染情况和变化趋势，为改善农村生活饮用水水质提供依据。方法 收集2014 - 2018年陕西省农村生活饮用水水质监测数据，参照《生活饮用水卫生标准》（GB5749 - 2006）按照不同年度、水期类型、水源类型、水处理方式和地域对微生物指标进行分析评价。结果 2014 - 2018年陕西省农村生活饮用水微生物指标整体达标率为62.94%，未出现随年份递增而上升的趋势（χ2 = 0.742，P = 0.389）；微生物指标整体达标率在枯水期高于丰水期（χ2 = 25.236，P＜0.001），在地下水高于地表水（χ2 = 1 950.225，P＜0.001）；不同水处理方式水质微生物指标整体达标率由高到低依次为仅消毒＞常规处理＞未处理＞沉淀、过滤（P＜0.001）；不同区域微生物指标整体达标率由高到低依次为关中地区＞陕北地区＞陕南地区（P＜0.001）。结论 陕西省农村饮用水水质微生物指标达标率与水期类型、水源类型和水处理工艺等有关。建议政府持续加大建设及管理力度，多措并举，从根本上解决陕西省农村饮水安全问题。

Investigation on microbial pollution of drinking water in rural areas of Shaanxi between 2014 and 2018

Objective To understand the microbial pollution situation and change trend of rural drinking water quality since 2014 in Shaanxi, so as to provide a basis for improving rural drinking water quality. Methods The monitoring data of drinking water quality in rural areas of Shaanxi from 2014 to 2018 were collected, and the microbial indicators were analyzed and evaluated according to different years, water period types, water source types, water treatment and regions with reference to the sanitary standards for drinking water (GB5749-2006). Results The overall compliance rate of microbiological indicators for drinking water in rural areas of Shaanxi was 62.94%, which did not increase with years(χ2=0.742, P=0.389). The overall compliance rate of microbial indicators in dry season was higher than that in flood season(χ2=25.236，P<0.001), and that of groundwater was higher than that of surface water(χ2=1950.225, P<0.001). The overall compliance rate of water quality microbial indicators of different water treatment methods from high to low was only disinfection>conventional treatment>untreated>precipitation, filtration(P<0.001). The overall compliance rate of microbial indicators in different regions was from high to low in order to be Guanzhong area>Northern Shaanxi>Southern Shaanxi (P<0.001). Conclusion The compliance rate of microbial indicators for drinking water quality in rural areas of Shaanxi was related to the type of water period, the type of water source and the water treatment process. It is suggested that the government should continue to increase construction and management efforts, and take measures to solve the problem of rural drinking water safety in Shaanxi.