健康生态学视角下我国60岁及以上老年人自评健康的影响因素研究

目的 基于健康生态学视角，探讨我国60岁及以上老年人群自评健康的影响因素。方法 采用横断面调查的方法，以CHARLS 2015的387例60岁以上老年人为研究对象。采用logistic回归分析老年人自评健康的影响因素。结果 老年人自评健康比例仅28.2%。童年健康状况不好（OR=2.928, 95%CI: 2.298~3.826）、住宅商用（OR=1.528, 95%CI: 1.024~2.281）、居住地为农村（OR=1.467, 95%CI: 1.164~1.85）、夜间睡眠时间（OR=0.862, 95%CI: 0.828~0.91）、饮酒（OR=0.735, 95%CI: 0.583~0.927）、戒酒（OR=1.862, 95%CI: 1.301~2.665）、人际交往（OR=0.791, 95%CI: 0.651~0.962）、工作类型非农业（OR=0.608, 95%CI: 0.44~0.84）、住房有洗澡设施（OR=0.817, 95%CI: 0.669~0.999）与老年人自评健康有关。结论 需要将老年健康干预时间前移，并从个体到环境因素加强对老年健康的干预。

Influencing factors of self-rated health of elderly people aged 60 and over based on health ecological aspect

Objective To study the influencing factors of self-rated health (SRH) of elder adults aged 60 or over in the aspect of health ecology. Methods A cross-sectional study that investigated 3871 elder adults aged 60 or over in China was performed with CHARLS 2015. Logistic regression was used to analyze the effect of possible factors, such as personal characteristics, behavior, interpersonal network, work or living conditions, and policy environment. Results The SRH of elder adults only accounted for 28.2%. The logistic regression analysis showed childhood health status was not good (OR=2.928, 95%CI: 2.298-3.826), no more drinking (OR=1.862, 95%CI: 1.301-2.665), residence used for business (OR=1.528, 95%CI: 1.024-2.281) and rural area (OR=1.467, 95%CI: 1.164-1.85) were unfavorable factors for SRH of elder adults. Night sleep time (OR=0.862, 95%CI: 0.828-0.91), alcohol consumption (OR =0.735, 95%CI: 0.583-0.927), interpersonal relationship (OR=0.791, 95%CI: 0.651-0.962), non-agricultural work (OR=0.608, 95%CI: 0.44-0.84) and housing with a bath facility (OR=0.817, 95%CI: 0.669-0.999) were protective factors for SRH of elder adults. Conclusion It is necessary to advance the intervention time of elderly health and strengthen the intervention from individual to environmental aspects.