2008-2018年四川省炭疽流行病学特征分析

目的 掌握四川省炭疽发病现况、流行特征及机构报告特点,为今后防控工作提供依据。方法 对2008-2018年炭疽报卡、突发公共卫生事件和畜牧养殖进行分析。结果 2008-2017年炭疽发病率呈波动下降趋势,2018较2017上升108.31%。2008-2018年仅甘阿凉三州报告发病,甘孜发病数占比逐年增加。仅牧区和半农半牧区发病。所有牧区均发病,病例数占78.57%。发病数前三县均为牧区(若尔盖、红原、石渠)。发病率随牛饲养量增加而增大(r=0.951,P=0.004)。发病到诊断平均时间8天。县级及以下机构上报病例数占91.47%,且疑似病例占比高于州级及以上机构。累计共报告5起突发事件,接触感染病例占92.86%。结论 发病有地域性,阿坝向甘孜有扩散趋势,散发为主,偶见暴发。牧区为防控重点,提高当地实验室水平,减少疑似病例上报。加强联防联控,特别是疫情发生后要彻底消毒处理。

Epidemiological characteristics of Human Anthrax in Sichuan,2008-2018

Objective To understand the current situation,epidemiological characteristics and institutional reporting feature of Human Anthrax in Sichuan province,and to provide scientific basis for the future prevention and control work.Methods Reported cases and livestock data in Sichuan from 2008 to 2018 were collected and analyzed.Results The incidence of Anthrax declined from 2008 to 2017.The incidence in 2018 increased 108.31% compared with 2017.From 2008 to 2018,only Aba,Ganzi and Liangshan state reported the incidence,and the incidence of Ganzi increased year by year,only in pastoral areas and semi-agricultural and semi pastoral areas,and all pastoral areas reported cases,in which the number of cases accounted for 78.57%.The first three counties were pastoral areas(Ruoergai,Hongyuan,Shiqu).The incidence increased along with cattle feed number(r=0.951,P=0.004).The average diagnosis time was 8 days.Cases reported by health institutions at county-level and below accounted for 91.47 %.The proportion of suspected cases reported by health institutions at county-level and below was higher than institutions at state-level and above.Five Anthrax outbreaks were reported,contact-infection cases accounted for 92.86%.Conclusion The Anthrax epidemic is regional with mainly distributed and occasionally outbreak.There is a diffusion trend from Aba to Ganzi.Pastoral areas are the focus areas of prevention and control.We should improve the level of local laboratories,reduce the reporting of suspected cases,and strengthen joint defence and control,especially complete disinfection after disease occurrence.