老年2型糖尿病患者自我管理状况及影响因素分析

目的：探讨老年2型糖尿病患者自我管理的状况及其影响因素.方法：采用糖尿病自我管理活动问卷及影响因素问卷对320例老年2型糖尿病患者调查.结果：老年2型糖尿病患者自我管理能力较差,自我管理各维度得分分别为：饮食自我管理（4.24±2.57）分,运动自我管理（4.87±2.33）分,遵医嘱服药自我管理（6.21±1.65）分,血糖监测自我管理（1.08±1.79）分,足部护理自我管理（2.79±2.18）分.自我管理现状的多元逐步回归结果显示自我效能、文化程度、糖尿病知识、性别是饮食自我管理的主要影响因素;年龄、自我效能、医疗费用支付方式是运动自我管理的主要影响因素;自我效能、糖尿病知识及是否因糖尿病住院是遵医嘱服药的主要影响因素;自我效能、糖尿病知识、文化程度及社会支持是血糖监测自我管理的主要影响因素;病程、糖尿病知识及自我效能是足部护理自我管理的主要影响因素.结论：老年2型糖尿病患者的自我管理现状不理想,其中遵医嘱服药最好,足部护理及血糖监测最差,患者的自我效能、年龄、糖尿病知识等是主要影响因素.

Current status and influencing factors of self management for old patients with type 2 diabetes

Objective：To investigate current status and influencing factors of self management for old patients with type 2 dia-betes. Methods：A total of 320 old type 2 diabetic patients were recruited and investigated by the diabetes self-management activities questionnaire and a series of influencing factors questionnaires. Results： The self-management level was lower in the old type 2 diabet-ic patients. The scores were 4.24±2.57 for diet, 4.87±2.33 for exercise, 6.21±1.65 for medication comphance, 1.08±1.79 for glu-cose monitoring, and 2.79±2.18 for foot care. The multiple stepwise regression indicated that self-efficacy, educational level, diabe-tes knowledge and gender were the influencing factors of the diet self management; for the exercise self management, age, self-efficacy and payment mode of medical expenses were the main influencing factors; for the medication compliance, self-efficacy, hospitalization experience for diabetes and diabetes knowledge were the main influencing factors; for the glucose self-monitoring, self-efficacy, diabe- tes knowledge, educational level and social support were the main influencing factors ; and for the foot care, self-efficacy, illness dura- tion and diabetes knowledge were the main influencing factors. Conclusions ： The current status of self management in the old type 2 di-abetic patients is not ideal, wherein medication compliance is the best, while foot care and glucose monitoring are the worst. The pa-tients＇ self-efficacy, age and diabetes knowledge are the factors influencing the self-management.