高度近视脉络膜结构与血流变化的研究新进展

近视是目前最常见的屈光不正。高度近视，尤其是病理性高度近视往往会伴发一系列眼底病理改变，如Fuchs斑、脉络膜新生血管(CNV)等，可导致严重的视功能损伤。近年研究发现脉络膜厚度和血流的改变在高度近视进展过程中起着重要作用。脉络膜的厚度改变可以直接反映其结构和功能的异常，高度近视眼脉络膜厚度较正常眼显著变薄，且不同区域变薄程度存在差异。同时，脉络膜是眼部供血的主要来源，其血流状况直接决定了眼球的供血是否充分。因此观察高度近视眼脉络膜厚度及血流的改变，对探讨近视的进展或观察其病理性改变具有十分重要的意义。本综述阐述了高度近视脉络膜结构、厚度及血流改变情况等，同时分析讨论了近年研究的新进展及目前存在的主要问题、所面临的新挑战和今后的研究方向，期望为临床监测高度近视的发生和进展提供帮助。

New research progress on changes of choroidal structure and blood flow in high myopia

Myopia is the most common ametropia. High myopia, especially pathological high myopia, is often accompanied by a series of fundus pathological changes, such as Fuchs spot and choroidal neovascularization(CNV), etc, which can lead to serious damage of visual function. In recent years, it has been found that the changes of choroidal thickness and blood flow play a considerable role in the progression of high myopia. The change of choroidal thickness can directly reflect the abnormality of its structure and function. The choroidal thickness in high myopia is significantly thinner than that in normal people, and the thinning degree varies in different regions. At the same time, the choroid is the main source of blood supply to the eyes, and its blood flow directly determines whether the blood supply is sufficient to the eyes. Therefore, observing the changes of choroidal thickness and blood flow in high myopia is of great significance to explore the progress of myopia or observe its pathological changes. This review illustrates the choroidal structure, thickness and choroidal blood flow changes of high myopia. At the same time, it analyzes and discusses the new research progress and main existing problems in recent years, the new challenges and future research directions, hoping to provide help for clinical monitoring of the occurrence and progression in high myopia.