淞南社区高血压患病率及危险因素分析

目的 了解上海社区人群高血压的患病率及相关危险因素，为社区高血压的早期防治提供科学依据。方法 采取整群抽样的方法，随机抽取宝山区淞南社区下属的8个居委40岁以上的常住居民10 185人，进行问卷调查，调查内容为高血压的患病率及其危险因素。结果 宝山区淞南社区人群的高血压患病率为49.9％，男性的患病率显著高于女性（53.7% vs 47.3%）（P<0.0001）。该社区高血压的知晓率为70.2%，控制率为23.7%。随着年龄的增加，男性和女性的患病率均呈增高趋势（P<0.0001）。与正常体质量指数者相比，超重、肥胖患者的高血压患病率显著升高（53.7%、70.7% vs 36.3%）（P<0.0001）。空腹血糖受损和糖尿病患者的高血压患病率也显著高于正常糖耐量者（64.5%、71.2% vs 43.7%）（P<0.0001）。Logistic回归分析显示，年龄、男性、饮酒、超重/肥胖、糖代谢异常及高三酰甘油是高血压的独立危险因素（P<0.05）。结论 应加强社区高血压防治力度，尤其关注老年人、超重/肥胖以及存在糖脂代谢紊乱患者中高血压的筛查及早期控制，以期降低心脑血管疾病的发生。

Prevalence of hypertension and associated risk factors in Songnan community

Objective To investigate the prevalence and associated risk factors of hypertension in Songnan community so as to provide evidence for the early prevention of hypertension. Methods Cluster sampling was employed, and questionnaire survey was performed in 10 185 residents aged above 40 years in Songnan community of Baoshan District. The questionnaires involved with hypertension and associated risk factors. Results The prevalence of hypertension was 49.9% in Songnan community of Baoshan District, and that of men was significantly higher than that of women (53.7% vs 47.3%）（P<0.0001）. The rates of hypertension awareness and control of this community were 70.2% and 23.7%, respectively. The prevalences of hypertension of men and women increased with age（P<0.0001）. Compared with those with normal body mass index (BMI), the prevalences of hypertension in patients with overweight and obesity were significantly increased (53.7% vs 36.3%, P<0.0001; 70.7% vs 36.3%, P<0.0001）. The prevalences of hypertension in patients with impaired fasting glucose and diabetes mellitus were significantly higher than those with normal glucose tolerance（64.5% vs 43.7%, P<0.0001; 71.2% vs 43.7%, P<0.0001）. Stepwise Logistic regression revealed that age, male, drinking, overweight/obesity, glycometabolism abnormality and high triglyceride level were independent risk factors of hypertension (P<0.05). Conclusion It is of utmost importance to take measures to prevent and treat hypertension in communities, especially in the elderly and those with overweight and obesity.