上海某医学院本科阶段学生体质量指数动态分布及影响因素

目的 观察大学生体质量指数（BMI）分布状况，探讨营养知识、行为和态度等对BMI的影响。方法 以上海交通大学医学院2008年在读的2 251名各年级本科阶段学生为对象，测量其身高和体质量，计算BMI。分层整群抽取五年制临床医学专业各年级学生413名进行营养知识、行为和态度问卷调查。结果 2 251名学生中，2 095名有有效身高和体质量数据，BMI为（21.2±6.8） kg/m2；其中11.2%属于超重，2.6%属于肥胖。与入学体检的BMI相比，各年级学生BMI均显著增加（P<0.05或P<0.01）。调查问卷中营养知识、态度和行为三者间有相关性（P<0.05或P<0.01），但与BMI无直接相关关系。女生营养态度和行为得分均高于男生（P<0.01）。学生自我报告的身高、体质量和BMI与实际测量结果差异均无统计学意义。结论 超重和肥胖已向大学生群体蔓延，营养和生活行为教育是肥胖干预措施中值得采用的方法，男、女生应有不同的教育侧重点，自我报告对于大学生是一个有效的研究方法。

Body mass index and influencing factors in students of a medical college in Shanghai

Objective To investigate the distribution of body mass index (BMI) of university students, and explore the influence of knowledge, attitude and practice of nutrition on BMI. Methods In 2008, a total of 2 251 students from Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine were enrolled, and height, weight and BMI were obtained. Four hundred and thirteen students were selected by stratified cluster sampling and subjected to questionnaire about knowledge, attitude and practice of nutrition. Results Effective data of height and weight were available from 2 095 of all the 2 251 students, with the mean BMI of (21.2±6.8) kg/m2. Overweight and obesity were found in 11.2% and 2.6% of students, respectively. Compared with BMI at admission to college, that of each grade was significantly increased（P<0.05 or P<0.01）. There was correlation among knowledge, attitude and practice of nutrition on questionnaire （P<0.05 or P<0.01）, while none of them was directly related to BMI. Female students achieved higher scores than male students in attitude and practice of nutrition (P<0.01). There was no significant difference between self-reported height, weight and BMI and those measured by researchers. Conclusion Overweight and obesity have pervaded university students, and nutrition education designed separately for male and female students is an effective intervention method for obesity control. Self-report is feasible in obesity survey among university students.