上海市区学龄前儿童营养状况调查

目的 ]　了解上海市区学龄前儿童的膳食营养和生长发育状况及家长与托幼机构可能存在的问题。 方法 ]　选取上海市区 2 15名 3～ 6岁学龄前儿童 ,采用称重法与记录法进行 3天的膳食调查 ,同时进行体格检查和营养生化指标的测定。 结果 ]　上海市区学龄前儿童的生长发育较 1995年有了改善 ,但儿童的体格发育合格率低 ,体重不足率高 ,仍有营养不良与肥胖存在 ;贫血发生率高。近 60 %的儿童热能摄入不合理 ,碳水化物摄入太少 ,钙、锌、视黄醇当量、维生素C和硒摄入不足相当普遍。 结论 ]　家长与托幼机构要重视学龄前儿童的合理营养 ,在目前的饮食基础上 ,稳定并提高粮食摄入 ,增加豆类及深色蔬菜摄入 ,适当降低高动物性食物摄入 ,以培养学龄前儿童良好的饮食习惯。

Nutrition status of preschool children in Shanghai urban area

Objective] To explore the status of dietary nutrition, growth and development of preschool children in Shanghai urban area and possible feeding problems at home and kindergarten. Methods] Two hundred and fifteen preschool children aged 3～6 years in the urban area of Shanghai were included in the research.Seventy two hours dietary survey by using weighing methods and keeping-record method,anthropometric measurement, and hemoglobin determination were used. Results] Compared with the average reference of children in the urban area of Shanghai in 1995, the growth and development of the preschool children have improved. However, the rate of underweight is still high, malnutrition, overweight and obesity existing simultaneously. Nearly 60% of children had inadequate intake of energy and insufficient carbohydrate. Deficient calcium, zinc,retinol equivalent, vitamin C and selenium intake were popular in preschool children.Conclusion] Rational nutrition of preschool children need be focussed. Parents and kindergarten should strengthen cereal intake, increase the legumes and dark-green vegetables, reduce animal food a little and to train good diet habit in preschool children based on the present diet pattern.