亚孤儿与普通儿童自我意识及自尊的比较研究

目的 比较亚孤儿和普通儿童自我意识、自尊状况的差异,并探讨亚孤儿自我意识与自尊之间的关系,为进行相应的心理干预提供客观依据.方法 采用横断面调查,随机分层整群抽样,选取泗水九巨龙慈善学校亚孤儿四至八年级学生185人,济宁市北湖小学四至五年级学生及北湖中学六至七年级学生167人.运用一般情况调查表、儿童自我意识量表（PHCSS）、儿童自尊量表（CSES）进行施测.结果 （1）亚孤儿与普通儿童自我意识总分分别为（53.30±13.34）分、（50.83±11.53）分,差异无统计学意义（t=1.86,P=0.06）,但在智力与学校情况、躯体与外貌属性、合群3个因子得分,亚孤儿得分分别为（10.64±3.45）分、（7.05±3.19）分、（8.30±2.43）分]显著高于普通儿童分别为（9.23±3.47）分、（6.31±2.73）分、（7.72±1.86）分],差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;在幸福与满足因子项上亚孤儿得分显著低于普通儿童,具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;（2）亚孤儿与普通儿童的自尊总分差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,但在体育运动、成就感因子分方面,亚孤儿得分显著低于普通儿童,具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;（3）亚孤儿自我意识与自尊总分及自尊各因子分呈负相关,自尊与自我意识总分及各因子分之间存在负相关,具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 亚孤儿存在某些心理问题,需要实施相应的心理干预.

Comparative study on self-concept and self-esteem between the sub-orphan and the common children

Objective To compare the difference of the self-concept and self-esteem between the common and sub-orphan children,and explore the correlation of the self-concept and self-esteem.It can provide objective basis for appropriate psychological intervention.Methods Across-sectional survey,185 sub-orphan children of a sub-orphan charity school and 167 common children were investigated,Children＆#39;s Self-concept Scale（PHCSS） and Children ＆#39;s Self-esteem scale （CSES） were used to measure the self-concept and self-esteem.Results （1） There was no significant difference on total score of PHCSS between two children groups （（53.30± 13.34） vs （50.83± 11.53）,t=1.86,P=0.06）,but the score of intelligence and the situation in schools,appearance and properties,gregarious in sub-orphan children was significantly higher than that of common children,respectively（（10.64±3.45） vs （9.23±3.47）;（7.05±3.19） vs （6.31±2.73）;（8.30±2.43） vs （7.72±1.86）,P〈0.05）.（2） There was no significant difference on total score of CSES between two children groups（P〉0.05）,but the score of the sports and achievement of CSES in sub-orphan children was significantly less than that of common children,respectively （P〈 0.05）.（3） There was significant correlation between self-concept and self-esteem in sub-orphan children （P〈0.05）.Conclusion There are some psychological problems in sub-orphan children and need to implement appropriate psychological intervention.