榴弹爆炸致绵羊肢体伤的实验研究

目的 观察榴弹对肢体的致伤特点和规律，为战伤救治提供依据。方法 电永动引爆离地面7m高的榴弹，将36只绵羊布放于距爆心6－48m处，致伤时测量冲击波超压和破片速度，致伤后进行病理解剖观察。结果 肢体破片伤的发生率率为破片伤动物的48％，平均每只动物肢体有1．33片破片伤，伤后即刻死亡率为50％，伤后6h时达66．66％。肢体贯通伤和盲管伤各占50％。骨折的发生率为833．3％（10／12），其中80％为粉碎性骨折，也可见骨骼离断和缺损。肢体爆炸伤时，以腹部和鹏部合并伤最多，分别为41．67％和33．33％。肺脏的臌膜冲击伤的合并率分别为58．33％和16．67％。肢体大血管和神经直接损的发生率虽不高，但损伤后果严重。另外，肢体爆炸伤的伤口污染也很严重。结论 肢体爆炸损伤严重，伤道污染严重，粉碎性骨折发生率高，合并伤多，胆肢体爆炸主要以破片致伤为主，其早期死亡也多为合并伤所致。

Experimental study on the wounds by high explosive shell in sheep limbs

Objective To explore the characteristics and regularity of explosive wound in limb for providing the basis of wound treatment. Methods A total of 36 sheep were arranged 6-46 m form the explosive center. High explosive shells were arranged 7 m high above the earth and electrically exploded. The velocity of fragments and shock wave were measured. After explosion, the wounds were examined. Results Morbidity of limb trauma was of 48% among the animals injured by fragments and had an average of 1.33 injuries in every animal. 50% of the sheep died imme- diately after injury, and reached to 66.66% at 6 h after explosion. The penetrating wound and blind wound were account for 50%. Incidence of bone fracture was 83 .33%, among them, 80% was smashing bone fracture, breaking and defecting bone fracture could be found too. Combined in- jury was more often occurred in the abdomen and thorax, accounting for 41. 67% and 33. 33% respectively. Lung blast injury and tympanic mem- brane accounted for 58 .33% and 16.67% respectively. Although incidence of large blood vessels and nerve injury was not high, it was much more serious. Pollution of the wound track was serious too. Conclusion Explosive injury in limb is much severe, and pollution of the wound track is heavy. Incidence of the smashing bone fracture is high, and combined injury often occurs. Limbs is usually injured by explosive fragments. Major cause for early death after injury is combined injury.