后腹腔镜供肾切取自体肾移植术治疗复杂医源性输尿管损伤

目的：探讨应用后腹腔镜供肾切取自体肾移植术治疗复杂医源性输尿管损伤的安全性和有效性。方法：回顾分析自2011年7月至2015年3月期间接受后腹腔镜供肾切取自体肾移植术的2例复杂医源性输尿管损伤患者的临床资料，1例为44岁女性，1例为54岁男性，损伤原因均为输尿管镜行输尿管上段结石碎石取石过程中发生的输尿管撕脱伤，术前均行尿路造影（computed tomography urography，CTU）+计算机断层扫描血管造影术（computed tomography angiography，CTA）检查。两例患者均行后腹腔镜供肾切取，采用侧卧折刀位放置3个Trocar（套管针）的技术，女性患者选取右侧下腹部Gibson切口取肾，男性患者选取左侧腰部纵行切口取肾，将切取的肾移植于右侧髂窝，取肾过程中采用Hem-o-lok夹处理肾动静脉。结果：女性患者于输尿管损伤后4 h接受手术；男性患者于输尿管损伤后2年接受手术，术中发现严重的肾周和肾门周围粘连。2例手术均顺利完成，移植后肾功能迅速恢复，均行移植肾输尿管膀胱再植。切取自体肾热缺血时间分别为3和5 min，总手术时间分别为185和246 min，估计失血量分别为70和200 mL，无围手术期严重并发症发生。随访2例患者术后移植肾功能良好，生活质量明显改善。结论：在治疗复杂医源性长段输尿管损伤时，后腹腔镜供肾切取自体肾移植术是肾切除术或肠代输尿管术有效的替代方式；在有丰富腹腔镜手术和肾移植术经验的中心，后腹腔镜供肾切取自体肾移植术治疗复杂医源性输尿管损伤是安全和有效的。

Retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy with autotransplantation for severe iatro-genic ureteral injury

Objective:To evaluate the safety and efficacy of retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy with autotransplantation in cases of severe iatrogenic proximal ureteral damage.Methods:From July 2011 to March 2015,two patients,aged 44 (female)and 54 years (male),underwent retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy and autotransplantation for treatment of severe iatrogenic proximal ureteral inju-ries.Both injuries were proximal ureteral avulsion during ureterolithotomy with the holmium laser for ure-teral calculi.computed tomography angiography (CTA)and computed tomography urography (CTU)was performed in both patients before operation.A 3-port retroperitoneal technique was used for the patients placed in a lateral decubitus position.A retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy with autotransplantation approach was used in both the patients,and the kidneys were removed to the right iliac fossa.Case 1’s kidney was removed through the right Gibson incision,while Case 2’s kidney was removed through the left lumbar incision.The renal artery and renal vein were ligated using the Hem-o-lok.The kidneys were taken out quickly from the patients and infused with 4 ℃ kidney preserving fluid immediately.Results:The retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy with autotransplantations was performed 4 hours in Case 1 and 2 years in Case 2 after atrogenic proximal ureteral injuries.Case 2 was associated with dense peri-nephric and perihilar fibrosis.The procedures were successful,with immediate return of renal function in both the patients.After ex vivo graft preparation,ureteral and vessel length and quality were adequate for transplantation in both the cases.A direct ureterovesical anastomosis was performed in both patients.In the 2 patients,the warm ischemia time was 3 and 5 minutes,the total operation time 185 and 246 mi-nutes,and the estimated blood loss 70 and 200 mL,respectively.No perioperative complications oc-curred.At the end of the follow-up,the transplanted kidneys were functional,and the patients had re-turned to their normal activity.Conclusion:Retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy with autotrans-plantation is an excellent alternative to nephrectomyor bowel interposition in patients with proximal urete-ral loss.This procedure is associated with acceptable morbidity and preserves the renal function.This re-port supports the safety and efficacy of retroperotoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy with autotransplantation in experienced hands.