三种手术方式治疗肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻的疗效及并发症比较

目的：探讨开放肾盂成形术、腹腔镜肾盂成形术以及腔内手术治疗肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻（ureteropelvic junction obstruction，UPJO）的疗效，并比较各项相关围手术期数据。方法：回顾性分析2004年1月至2014年12月于北京大学人民医院进行手术的109例UPJO病例，分为开放肾盂成形术组（32例）、腹腔镜肾盂成形术组（31例）和腔内手术组（46例），术后平均随访时间（51.9±40.1）个月（6～132个月）。将各组手术时间、术中出血量、围手术期并发症和术后住院时间等进行统计学分析。结果：全部腹腔镜手术均未中转开腹，全部腔内手术均成功完成。腹腔镜肾盂成形术组手术时间为（195.97±55.22） min，开放肾盂成形术组为（121.19±33.95） min，腔内手术组为（74.04±33.95） min，两两组间比较差异均有统计学意义（P<0.001）。开放肾盂成形术组出血量为105(15,815) mL，腹腔镜肾盂成形术组为50（10,495） mL，两组间差异无统计学意义（P=0.163）；腔内手术组为5（0,310） mL，与其他两组相比差异均有统计学意义（P<0.001）。开放肾盂成形术组术后住院时间为8（5,18） d，腹腔镜肾盂成形术组为7（3,15）d，腔内手术组为6（1，25）d，3组间差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。开放肾盂成形术组的成功率（93.8%）与腹腔镜肾盂成形术组（90.3%）间差异无统计学意义（P=0.618），而腔内手术组（69.6%）则低于另外两组（P=0.010，P=0.032）。开放肾盂成形术组、腹腔镜肾盂成形术组、腔内手术组3组的并发症发生率分别为15.6%（5/32）、16.1%（5/31）和13.0%（6/46），两两组间比较差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：腹腔镜肾盂成形术和开放肾盂成形术相比手术时间更长，但术后住院时间短于开放肾盂成形术组;腔内手术治疗UPJO的成功率低于开放肾盂成形术和腹腔镜肾盂成形术，但其在手术时间、术中出血量和术后恢复时间方面均有明显优势。

Comparison of three surgical methods of ureteropelvic junction obstruction in therapeutic effect and complication

Objective:To compare various data of open pyeloplasty,laparoscopic pyeloplasty and en-dopyelotomy as a treatment of ureteropelvic junction obstruction(UPJO),and to investigate and discuss the feasibility and effect of the three methods.Methods:In the study,109 cases of UPJO treated by dif-ferent surgical approaches in Peking University People’s Hospital from January 2004 to December 2014 were retrospectively investigated.The patients were divided into three groups according to the treatment they received:open peyloplasty group (32 cases),laparoscopic peyloplasty group (31 cases)and en-dopyelotomy group (46 cases).We compared the data of the operative time,intraoperative blood loss, perioperative complications and post-operative hospital stay among the three groups.The mean follow-up time was(51.9 ±40.1 )months (6 -132 months).Results:None of the laparoscopic peyloplties was converted to open peyloplasty.All endpyelotomies were successfully completed.The operative time was as follows:laparoscopic peyloplasty group (195.97 ±55.22)min,open peyloplasty group (121.19 ± 33.95)min and endopyelotomy group (74.04 ±33.95 )min,and there were significant differences among the three groups respectively(P <0.001 ).There was no significant difference on the operative blood loss between open peyloplasty group and laparoscopic peyloplasty group (P =0.163).The opera-tive blood loss of endopyelotomy group was 5(0,310)mL,which was lower than the other two groups,and this result had significant differences with the other two groups respectively(P <0.001).There were sig-nificant differences on the post-operative hospital stay (days)among open peyloplasty group,laparoscopic peyloplasty group and endopeylotomy group (P <0.05,respectively).The success rate was comparable between open peyloplasty group and laparoscopic peyloplasty group(93.8% vs.90.3%,P =0.672), while the endopeylotomy group had a lower success rate compared with both open surgery group and laparo-scopic group(69.6% vs.93.8%,P =0.01;69.6% vs.90.3%,P =0.048,respectively).The complica-tion rates of open peyloplasty group,laparoscopic peyloplasty group and endopeylotomy group were compa-rable(15.6%,16.1% and 13.0%,respectively,P >0.05).Conclusion:The laparoscopic peyloplasty group had a longer operative time than open peyloplasty group,while its post-operative stay was shorter. There was no significant difference on the operative blood loss between open peyloplasty group and laparo-scopic peyloplasty group.Although the success rate of endopyelotomy was lower than those of the other two groups,it had advantages over the aspect of operative time,operative blood loss and post operative stay.