大型水利血防工程控制血吸虫病传播的效果

目的评价大型水利血防工程控制血吸虫病传播的效果。方法采取回顾性调查、现场勘查等方法,收集湖北省阳新县富水流域下游干流防洪灭螺治理一期工程、湖南省株洲市白石港流域水利血防工程、江西省玉山县七一灌区水利血防工程和云南省大理州洱源县节水灌溉水利血防工程等4个国家重点水利血防工程所在区域2004-2009年的螺情、病情资料,分析比较工程建设前后疫情变化情况。结果水利血防工程实施后,2009年4个工程区钉螺面积分别下降了16.22%、100%、34.45%、49.19%,活螺框出现率分别下降了81.42%、100%、53.17%、26.90%,活螺平均密度分别下降了92.73%、100%、47.27%、50.00%,钉螺感染率均下降为0。人群感染率分别下降了93.64%、100%、99.10%、92.65%,家畜感染率分别下降了91.80%、100%、85.17%、92.99%。结论在血吸虫病疫区,因地制宜建设水利血防工程,对控制血吸虫病传播具有重要的作用。

Effect evaluation of large water conservancy project on control of schistosomiasis transmission

Objective To evaluate the effect of large water conservancy project on control of schistosmiasis transmission.MethodsRetrospective survey and field inspection was adopted to collect and analyze the data concerning snail status and schistosomiasis morbidity in areas of four key national water conservancy projects from 2004 to 2009,namely Stage-I scheme of anti-flood and snail control project in lower reaches of Fushui River Basin（Yangxin,Hubei Province）,water conservancy and schistosomiasis control project along Baishigang River Basin（Zhuzhou,Hunan Province）,Qiyi irrigation project（Yushan,Jiangxi Province） and water saving irrigation project in Eryuan County（Dali,Yunnan Province）,and the endemic situation before and after the construction of the project was compared.ResultsAfter the completion of the projects,in these project areas,the areas with snails reduced by 16.22%,100%,34.45% and 49.19%,respectively.The occurrence rates of frames with living snails dropped by 81.42%,100%,53.17% and 26.90%,respectively.The average density of living snails dropped by 92.73%,100%,47.27% and 50.00%,respectively.All of the infection rates of snails dropped to 0.The infection rates of Schistosoma japonicum in human populations dropped by 93.64%,100%,99.10% and 92.65%,respectively,and those in domestic animals decreased by 91.80%,100%,85.17% and 92.99%,respectively.ConclusionThe water resources development plays an important role in control of the transmission of S.japonicum in endemic areas of schistosomiasis.