2013年安徽省血吸虫病疫情分析

目的分析2013年安徽省血吸虫病疫情和近年来变化趋势,为血吸虫病防治提供依据。方法收集安徽省2013年"寄生虫病防治信息管理系统"中血吸虫病防治统计数据和2004年以来的血防年报表数据,分析血吸虫病流行状况和变化趋势。结果截至2013年底,全省推算血吸虫病人19 816例,无急性血吸虫病病例报告,尚存晚期血吸虫病患者6 199例;现有钉螺面积27 396hm2,其中新发现钉螺面积34.5hm2,复现钉螺面积8.6hm2;流行区现有存栏耕牛数41 949头,耕牛血吸虫感染率为0.31%;全省共有9个县(市、区)、76个乡(镇)、191个村(居委会)新达到传播控制标准,2个乡(镇)、14个村(居委会)新达到传播阻断标准。2008~2013年全省人群血吸虫感染率、耕牛血吸虫感染率、感染性钉螺面积、急性血吸虫病发病率均呈现下降趋势,钉螺面积在2.73亿m2~3.10亿m2间波动。结论全省血吸虫病疫情得到有效控制,但钉螺的分布状况仍不容乐观。为实现2015年前全省达到传播控制血吸虫病的目标,仍需加强实施以传染源控制为主的综合防治力度。

Analysis of the prevalence of schistosomiasis in Anhui Province,China in 2013

Objective To analyze the prevalence of schistosomiasis in Anhui Province in 2013 and epidemiological trends in recent years. Methods Data from 2013 were obtained from the national System for Management of Information on Control of Parasitic Diseases and data on reported cases of schistosomiasis since 2004 in Anhui Province were collected. The prevalence of and trends in schistosomiasis were analyzed. Results As of the end of 2013, there were an estimated 19 816 cases of schistosomiasis, which included 6 199 advanced cases and no acute cases of schistosomiasis. An area of around 27 396 hm2 was found to be infested with Oncomelania snails. This included an area of 34.5 hm2 in which snails had appeared for the first time and an area of 8.6 hm2 in which snails had reappeared. A total of 41 949 cattle were raised in endemic areas and cattle were infected with Schistosomajaponicurn at a rate of 0.31%. In 2013, 9 counties, 76 townships, and 191 villages met the criteria for transmission control while 2 townships and 14 villages met the criteria for transmission interruption. From 2004 to 2013, the rate of human and bovine infection, the area with infected snails, and the incidence of acute schistosomiasis all tended to decrease, but the area of infected snails fluctuated between 0. 273 and 0. 310 billion m2. Conclusion The incidence of schistosomiasis has been effectively controlled in the province, hut the distribution of snails is still a serious issue. In order to meet the target for transmission control in Anhui Province prior to 2015, a comprehensive control strategy with an emphasis on infectious source control must continue to be implemented in Anhui Province.