Molecular characterization of T‐cell immunoglobulin mucin domain‐3 and Galectin‐9 genes of swamp‐ and riverine‐type water buffaloes

Molecular characterization of T‐cell immunoglobulin mucin domain‐3 (TIM‐3) and Galectin‐9 (GAL‐9) genes of swamp‐ and riverine‐type water buffaloes was conducted to compare these genes with other species; determine the unique characteristic specific in water buffalo; and provide baseline information for the assessment of disease progression in buffalo species. TIM‐3 and GAL‐9 genes were amplified, purified, sequenced and characterized. The sequence result of TIM‐3 in both types of water buffaloes contained 843 nucleotides encoding to 280 amino acids while GAL‐9 of swamp‐type and riverine‐type water buffaloes contained 1023 and 972 nucleotides encoding to 340 and 323 amino acids, respectively. Meanwhile, the nucleotide and amino sequence of TIM‐3 in water buffalo were 83–98% and 94–97% identical with other artiodactyl species, respectively. On the other hand, GAL‐9 nucleotide and amino acid sequence in water buffalo were 85–98% and 76–96% identical with other artiodactyl species. The tyrosine‐kinase phosphorylation motif and potential glycosylation sites were conserved within the tribe Bovinae. It is imperative to have further studies in the assessment of the role of these genes in disease progression in water buffalo during chronic infection. The study is the first report that describes the genetic characteristic of TIM‐3 and GAL‐9 genes in water buffalo.