视网膜冷冻手术联合玻璃体注射曲安奈德治疗伴有渗出性视网膜脱离Coats病的初步观察

目的 观察视网膜冷冻手术联合玻璃体注射曲安奈德治疗伴有渗出性视网膜脱离Coats病的疗效.方法 前瞻性连续病例研究.21例伴有渗出性视网膜脱离的Coats病患者的21只眼纳入研究,其中,男性19例,女性2例,年龄2～18岁;部分视网膜脱离15只眼,属3A期,完全视网膜脱离6只眼,属3B期.所有患眼均接受视网膜冷冻手术联合玻璃体注射曲安奈德治疗,3只眼辅助巩膜切开引流视网膜下液.经视网膜冷冻手术联合玻璃体注射曲安奈德治疗后,4只眼针对残余异常血管再行视网膜光凝或冷冻手术.治疗后随访3～15个月,平均随访时间(7±3)个月.观察视力、眼压、眼位及眼球运动、裂隙灯、间接检眼镜及彩色眼底像,比较异常血管变化,视网膜下液及渗出的吸收情况等.以末次随访为疗效判定时间点.结果 治疗后眼压增高6只眼,均局部药物控制.随访结束时,视网膜复位19只眼,局限视网膜脱离1只眼,视网膜全脱离1只眼.视力提高3只眼,不变14只眼,下降2只眼.新发生斜视1只眼.新发生白内障或白内障加重4只眼.结论 视网膜冷冻手术联合玻璃体注射曲安奈德治疗伴有渗出性视网膜脱离Coats病,可使大部分患者视网膜复位,视功能可以有效保存.

Using cryotherapy and intravitreal triamcinolone injection to treat Coats' disease with exudative retinal detachment

Objective To evaluate the effects of retinal cryotherapy and intravitreal triamcinolone injection to treat Coats' disease with exudative retinal detachment. Methods This was a prospective consecutive case study, and 21 patients (21 eyes) with Coats' disease accompanied by exudative retinal detachment were enrolled. There were 19 males and two females patients, aged from two to 18 years.Fifteen eyes had partial retinal detachment (stage 3A) and six eyes had total retinal detachment (stage 3B).All patients underwent eryocoagulation and intravitreal triamcinolone injection. Three eyes underwent sclerotomy to drain subretinal fluid. Four eyes underwent further treatment by photocoagulation or cryotherapy for the residual abnormal blood vessels after the surgery. The follow-up ranged from three to 15 months with an average of seven months. Visual acuity, intraocular pressure, eye position and eye movements, slit lamp microscope, indirect ophthalmoscope and color fundus imaging were followed up. The last follow-up time was considered as the judgment time for the therapeutic effects. Results Six eyes had increased intraocular pressure after the surgery, which was controlled by local drug treatment. At the end of follow-up, 19 eyes had reattached retina, one eye had partial retinal detachment and one eye had total retinal detachment. The vision improved in three eyes, unchanged in 14 eyes, and decreased in two eyes. Other complications included strabismus (one eye) and cataract (four eyes). Conclusion The combined treatment of cryotherapy and intravitreal triamcinolone injection is an effective therapy for the Coats' disease with exudative retinal detachment, as retina reattaches and visual function is saved in most patients after this treatment.