甘肃省兰州市中小学生近视的患病率及相关因素调查

目的了解兰州市中小学生近视患病状况，为中小学生近视的预防和控制提供科学依据。方法横断面调查研究。采取分层整群随机抽样的方法，随机抽取兰州市城关区、七里河区、安宁区各1所小学、初中及高中，再从每个年级随机抽取1个班作为调查对象，普查其眼科情况，包括普通视力、眼压（IOP）、电脑验光、光学相干生物测量仪（IOLMaster）检查等。不同年级之间各屈光参数进行单因素方差分析，等效球镜度（SE）与各屈光参数关系采用Pearson线性相关分析，不同年级及性别之间近视患病率差异比较采用卡方检验。结果总共抽查兰州市中小学生1 802人（3 604眼），近视的患病率为71.50%，其中男、女生近视患病率分别为70.61％、72.55％，差异有统计学意义（χ²=10.43，P<0.05）。小学、初中、高中近视患病率依次为51.1%、88.1%、94.5%，小学一年级至高中三年级各年级近视患病率分别为17.7％、36.4％、49.6％、64.8%、64.8%、75.7%、81.6%、90.4%、93.2%、93.4%、94.5%、95.4%，各个年级间近视患病率差异具有统计学意义（χ²=1501，P<0.05）。眼轴长度随着年级增高也呈增长趋势（小学一年级、初中一年级及高中三年级之间相互比较，P＜0.05），裸眼视力（UCVA）随着年级增高呈下降趋势（小学一年级、初中一年级及高中三年级之间相互比较，P＜0.05），角膜曲率随着年级增高未见明显变化趋势。SE与身高、体质量呈中度相关（r=-0.479，P<0.05；r=-0.439，P<0.05），与UCVA、眼轴长度高度相关（r=0.708，P<0.05；r=-0.710，P<0.05），与角膜曲率无相关性（r=0.002，P＞0.05）。结论兰州市中小学生近视患病率高达71.50%，女生高于男生。近视患病率随年级升高而增高，SE与UCVA、眼轴长度相关。

Survey of incidence of myopia in primary pupils and middle school students in Lanzhou city

ObjectiveTo understand status of myopia in primary school pupils and middle school students in Lanzhou. MethodsBy using stratified clustered random sampling， 1 802 primary school pupils and middle school students from Chengguan district， Qilihe district， and Anning district of Lanzhou city， were enrolled in this study. Three schools were firstly chosen in each district， including one primary school， one junior middle school， and one senior middle school. Subsequently one class was randomly selected from each grade to investigate their ophthalmology status， including general visual acuity， intraocular pressure， computer optometry， and refractive parameters （measured by optical coherence biometry， IOLMaster， Zeiss）. One-way ANOVA， Pearson correlation， and χ² test was used to analysis these data. ResultsA total 1 802 students （3 604 eyes） were under checked. The total prevalence of myopia was 71.50% in primary pupils and middle school students of Lanzhou. The prevalence of myopia were 70.61% and 72.55% in males and females （χ2=10.43， P<0.05）. For primary pupils， junior-， and senior middle school students， the prevalence of myopia were 51.1%， 88.1%， and 94.5% respectively. The prevalence of myopia for students range from primary school grade 1 to senior high school grade 3 were 17.7%， 36.4%， 49.6%， 64.8%， 64.8%， 75.7%， 81.6%， 90.4%， 93.2%， 93.4%， 94.5%， and 95.4%， respectively （χ2=1501， P<0.05）. With the grade increased， expanded eye axial length （statistical significance between primary school grade 1， junior school grade 1， and high school grade 3， P<0.05）， decreased visual acuity （statistical significance between primary school grade 1， junior school grade 1， and high school grade 3， P<0.05）， and stable corneal curvature （no statistical significance among all grades， P>0.05） were observed. Correlation analysis showed that refraction had various correlation intensities with different indexes， such as moderate correlation with height and body weight （r=-0.479， P<0.05； r=-0.439， P<0.05）， strong correlation with visual acuity and axial length （r=0.708， P<0.05； r=-0.710， P<0.05）， and no significant correlation with corneal refractive power （r=0.002， P>0.05）. ConclusionThe incidence of myopia was high in primary school pupils and middle school students of Lanzhou， with myopia occurred in females more often than in males. The prevalence of myopia increased with increasing grades， and refraction was correlated with visual acuity and axial length.