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Association Between Anticholinergic Drugs and Apolipoprotein E ɛ4 Allele and Poorer Cognitive Function in Older Cardiovascular Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study |
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| Authors: | Juho Uusvaara MD Kaisu H. Pitkala MD PhD Pentti J. Tienari MD PhD Hannu Kautiainen PhD Reijo S. Tilvis MD PhD Timo E. Strandberg MD PhD |
| Affiliation: | From the Unit of General Practice,;Unit of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland;;Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland;;Department of Neurology,;Biomedicum, Molecular Neurology Program, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland;;Rheumatism Foundation Hospital, Heinola, Finland;;Department of Health Sciences and Geriatrics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland;and;Unit of General Practice, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland. |
| Abstract: | OBJECTIVES: To clarify the association between anticholinergic drugs and apolipoprotein E ɛ4 allele carrier status ( APOE4 ) and cognitive dysfunction. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analyses of current drug use and cognitive functioning according to the baseline assessments of the Drugs and Evidence-Based Medicine in the Elderly Study. SETTING: Helsinki, Finland. PARTICIPANTS: Four hundred community-dwelling people aged 75 to 90 without clinical dementia but with a history of stable atherosclerotic disease. MEASUREMENTS: Cognitive function according to the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR). Participants' use of anticholinergic drugs was estimated using definitions from previous scientific literature. APOE alleles determined from peripheral blood leukocyte deoxyribonucleic acid using standard polymerase chain reaction–based methods. RESULTS: There was an association between anticholinergic drugs and lower MMSE scores ( P for trend <.001). The higher the number of anticholinergic drugs, the lower the MMSE score. Subjects with the APOE4 allele and using drugs with anticholinergic properties had the lowest median MMSE score (26), whereas those without the APOE4 allele and not using drugs with anticholinergic properties had the highest median MMSE score (28). When adjusted for age, sex, and education, the difference between the groups remained significant. The finding was similar for CDR scores. CONCLUSION: Use of drugs with anticholinergic properties was associated with lower cognitive function irrespective of APOE4 carrier status. Having lower cognitive function as a group, APOE4 carriers may be more vulnerable to this undesirable effect, but a follow-up study is needed to demonstrate this. |
| Keywords: | cognitive dysfunction anticholinergic drugs APOE4 |