2015年中国15省(自治区、直辖市)60岁及以上居民膳食胆固醇摄入状况及与血清胆固醇水平的关联

目的了解中国15省(自治区、直辖市)老年居民膳食胆固醇摄入现状,并分析膳食胆固醇摄入状况与血清胆固醇水平的关系。方法资料来源于2015年"中国居民营养状况变迁的队列研究"数据,在中国选择15个省(自治区、直辖市)的60岁及以上居民作为研究对象,采用连续3天24小时回顾法收集消费数据。应用方差分析分析不同性别、城乡、年龄、学历、收入、体质指数水平的膳食胆固醇摄入量差异。应用卡方检验分析膳食胆固醇不同摄入水平的分布差异。采用多元线性回归分析膳食胆固醇摄入量与血清胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量的关系。采用多因素Logistic回归分析膳食胆固醇不同摄入水平与血清胆固醇边缘升高及高胆固醇血症的患病风险。结果 2015年中国15省(自治区、直辖市)4698名60岁及以上居民膳食胆固醇平均摄入量为223.1 mg/d,男性高于女性、城市高于农村,均随学历、收入水平增加而升高。老年居民膳食胆固醇平均摄入量高于300 mg/d的比例为28.0%。蛋类和红肉类是老年居民膳食胆固醇的主要食物来源,分别占总摄入量的53.8%和26.0%。老年居民胆固醇摄入每增加100 mg,TC就会升高0.0409 mmol/L,LDL-C升高0.0280 mmol/L。膳食胆固醇摄入高于300 mg/d的老年居民患血清胆固醇边缘升高、高胆固醇血症的风险分别是摄入量低于300 mg/d的老年居民的1.320倍、1.332倍。结论中国15省(自治区、直辖市)老年居民的膳食胆固醇摄入量男性高于女性,与经济文化水平正相关。蛋类和红肉类是老年居民膳食胆固醇的主要食物来源。老年居民膳食胆固醇摄入量与TC、LDL-C成正相关。老年居民摄入高水平的膳食胆固醇会增加血清胆固醇边缘升高及高胆固醇血症的患病风险。

Dietary cholesterol intake status and the correlation analysis with serum cholesterol level of the residents aged 60 and above in 15 provinces (autonomous regions and municipality) of China in 2015

OBJECTIVE To understand the dietary cholesterol intake status of elderly residents in 15 provinces (autonomous regions and municipality)of China,and to analyze the relationship between dietary cholesterol intake status and blood cholesterol level.METHODS Using data from "China Nutritional Transition Cohort Survey" in 2015 on the subjects aged 60 and above in 15 provinces (autonomous regions and municipality) in China with complete 24-hour-dietary for 3 days method ,the differences in dietary cholesterol intake of different genders,urban and rural areas,age,education,income and body mass index were analyzed by means of variance analysis.Chi-square test was used to analyze the distribution of different dietary cholesterol levels.The relationship between dietary cholesterol intake and blood cholesterol (TC),low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)was analyzed by multiple linear regression analysis.Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk of different dietary cholesterol intake levels with blood cholesterol edge elevation and hypercholesterolemia.RESULTS The average dietary cholesterol intake of the 4698 elderly residents over 60 years old in 15 provinces (autonomous regions and municipality) of China in 2015 was 223.1 mg/d,which was higher for men than for women,higher for cities than for rural areas,and higher with the increase of education and income level.The proportion of the elderly residents who consumed more than 300 mg/d daily dietary cholesterol was 28.0%.Eggs and red meat were the main food sources of dietary cholesterol for elderly residents,accounting for 53.8%and 26.0%of the total intake respectively.For every 100 mg increase in cholesterol intake in elderly residents,there were 0.0409 mmol/L of TC and 0.0280 mmol/L of LDL-C increase.Elderly residents whose dietary cholesterol intake was higher than 300 mg/d had 1.320 times higher risk of elevated blood cholesterol margins and 1.332 times higher risk of hypercholesterolemia than elderly residents whose dietary cholesterol intake was lower than 300 mg/d. CONCLUSION The dietary cholesterol intake of elderly residents in 15 provinces (autonomous regions and municipality)of China is higher for men than that for women, and is positively correlated with the economic and cultural levels.Eggs and red meat are the main food sources of dietary cholesterol for elderly residents.The dietary cholesterol intake of elderly residents is positively correlated with TC and LDL-C.High dietary cholesterol in older residents increases the risk of elevated blood cholesterol margins and hypercholesterolemia.