2015年武汉市中小学生早期创伤经历及其与心理弹性关联

目的了解武汉市中小学生早期创伤经历,探讨早期创伤经历与心理弹性的关联。方法于2015年9-10月整群抽样法选取武汉市10~15岁中小学生4871人,其中男生2517人,女生2354人,使用自编一般情况量表、儿童期创伤问卷(CTQ)和心理弹性量表(CD-RISC)进行自评问卷调查。结果调查对象CD-RISC平均得分为(64. 70±18. 34),不同的性别(t=5. 373,P <0. 001)、年龄(F=49. 401,P <0. 001)、母亲文化程度(F=36. 129,P<0. 001)、父母关系(F=89. 831,P<0. 001)和家庭经济状况(F=36. 547,P<0. 001)的心理弹性评分差异有统计学意义;早期创伤检出率为30. 1%,男生(χ^2=42. 272,P <0. 001)、母亲文化程度较低(χ^2=44. 345,P <0. 001)、父母关系较差(χ^2=133. 045,P<0. 001)、家庭经济状况较差(χ^2=31. 231,P <0. 001)的对象早期创伤检出率较高;情感虐待、躯体虐待、性虐待、情感忽视、躯体忽视与心理弹性总分均呈显著负相关(r值依次为-0. 256、-0. 107、-0. 053、-0. 355和-0. 308,P<0. 01);回归模型显示,中小学生性别、年龄、情感虐待、情感忽视和躯体忽视(标准化B依次为-0. 156、-0. 117、-0. 109、-0. 214和-0. 149,P<0. 01)对心理弹性有显著预测作用。结论较高的情感虐待、情感忽视和躯体忽视与儿童青少年心理弹性低有关,可通过避免或减少情感虐待、情感忽视和躯体忽视从而提升儿童青少年心理弹性。

Childhood trauma and its correlation with resilience among primary and middle school students in Wuhan city in 2015

OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of early trauma and resilience among adolescents in Wuhan,and explore the relationship between early trauma and resilience. METHODS Totally 4871 students aged 10-16 years were chosen by cluster sampling in Wuhan city from September to October 2015. All subjects completed self-report questionnaires, including general information, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire( CTQ), and the Connor Davidson Resilience Scale( CD-RISC).RESULTS The mean score of CD-RISC of the total sample was( 64. 70 ± 18. 34).Statistical significance in different gender( t = 5. 373,P<0. 001),age( F = 49. 401,P<0. 001),single child( t = 3. 529,P<0. 001),levels of mother’s education( F = 36. 129,P< 0. 001),relationship between parents( F = 89. 831,P < 0. 001),family economic status( F = 36. 547,P<0. 001). The rate of early trauma was 30. 1%. Male(χ^2= 42. 272,P < 0. 001),lower levels of mother ’s education(χ^2= 44. 345,P < 0. 001),poorer relationship between parents(χ^2= 133. 045,P < 0. 001),and worse family economic status(χ^2= 31. 231,P<0. 001) were associated with increased risk of early trauma. The scores of emotional abuse,physical abuse,sexual abuse,emotional neglect and physical neglect were negatively correlated with the scores of CD-RISC( r followed by-0. 256,-0. 107,-0. 053,-0. 355 and-0. 308,P<0. 01). Regression analysis implied female,older age,emotional abuse,emotional neglect,and physical neglect( B followed by-0. 156,-0. 117,-0. 109,-0. 214 and-0. 149,P < 0. 01) of primary and middle school students assumed predictive resilience. CONCLUSION Emotional abuse,emotional neglect,and physical neglect are negatively associated with resilience among children and adolescent. The result suggest that reducing emotional abuse,emotional neglect and physical neglect experience may contribute to child resilience.