Mediastinal lymphadenopathy due to mycobacterial infection

Tuberculous lymphadenitis without pulmonary manifestation is an uncommon entity in developed countries, and the possibility of tuberculous infection is usually ignored in the differential diagnosis of lymphadenopathy. Therefore, appropriate treatment may be delayed. Paralysis of the recurrent laryngeal nerve caused by mediastinal lymphadenopathy due to tuberculosis is an extremely rare condition. In this paper, we present a patient who had vocal cord paralysis caused by tuberculous lymphadenopathy of the superior mediastinum. After anti-tuberculosis treatment, vocal cord function was only partially recovered, while the clinical, radiological, and laboratory abnormalities were completely recovered.