Angiotensin converting enzyme gene polymorphism and activity in Turkish patients with essential hypertension |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey;2. Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey;1. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, 06010, Ankara, Turkey;2. Medicinal Aromatic Plants Application and Research Center, Artvin Coruh University, 08000, Artvin, Turkey;3. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey;4. Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey;5. Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey;6. Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53100, Rize, Turkey;7. Departmant of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey;1. University of North Texas, 1155 Union Cir, Denton, TX 76203, USA;2. University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W Campbell Rd, Richardson, TX 75080, USA;3. Saint Louis University, 1 N Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO 63103, USA;1. Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China;2. Beijing Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence and Intelligent System, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China;3. Beijing Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China;4. Beijing Laboratory of Smart Environmental Protection, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China |
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| Abstract: | Studies in various ethnic groups have shown contradictory evidence on the association of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism with essential hypertension. We conducted a case-control study in Samsun, Turkey, to examine the association between ACE genotype, ACE serum activity, and blood pressure. Serum ACE activity was measured and ACE I/D polymorphism performed in 165 hypertensive and 143 normotensive subjects. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples and amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR primers were flanking the polymorphic region in intron 16 of the ACE gene. The distribution of the DD, ID, and II ACE genotypes was 65, 77, and 23 in hypertensive patients and 42, 82, and 19 in normotensive subjects (P > .05). The estimated frequency of the insertion allele was 0.37 in hypertensive and 0.42 in normotensive subjects. Nevertheless, sensitivity analysis, based on positive family history and severity of hypertension, suggested that significant associations existed between more homogeneous groups of hypertensives and normotensives (P < .05). ACE genotype influenced ACE activity and the highest level was in DD genotype, being the lowest in II genotype. ACE serum levels were significantly higher in hypertensives as compared with normotensives (P < .01). A modest correlation was observed between blood pressure and ACE among hypertensive persons (r = 0.25, P < .05) and this did persist in multivariate analysis (P < .05 for systolic blood pressure and P < .005 for diastolic blood pressure). These data suggest that ACE DD genotype may have predisposing effects on severe hypertensives and cases with positive family history, and that ACE may be one of the independent factors on hypertension. |
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