Effects of Milk Protein in Resistance Training-Induced Lean Mass Gains for Older Adults Aged ≥ 60 y: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
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| Authors: | Ling-Pi Huang Giancarlo Condello Chia-Hua Kuo |
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| Institution: | 1.Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, Institute of Sports Sciences, University of Taipei, No. 101, Zhongcheng Rd. Sec. 2, Shilin Dist., Taipei 11153, Taiwan; (L.-P.H.); (G.C.);2.Department of Medicine and Surgery, Anatomy Unit, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy |
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| Abstract: | This review evaluated the effects of milk-based protein supplementation on resistance training (RT)-induced gains in lean body mass or fat free mass (LBM/FFM) and muscle strength for older adults. A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus and EBSCOhost/SPORTDiscus was conducted. Eligibility criteria: Randomized controlled trials comparing all types of milk-based protein supplements with control supplements for the training older adults at mean age ≥ 60 y. Twenty studies were included in the qualitative synthesis, whilst seventeen studies were included in the quantitative synthesis. A dose of 10–15 g of milk protein supplementation was sufficient to augment RT-induced LBM/FFM. Intriguingly, four out of five studies show negative effect of whey protein supplementation at the same dose range (or even higher) compared with control supplementation (−0.49 kg, 95% CI: −0.69, −0.29, I2 = 14%, Z = 4.82, p < 0.001). For milk-based protein supplementation, RT-induced improvements in muscle strength were observed only when the protein doses ≥22 g (+0.66 kg, 95% CI: 0.07, 1.25, I2 = 0%, Z = 2.18, p = 0.03). Conclusion: Milk protein is superior to whey protein in enhancing RT-induced LBM/FFM gains for older adults. Optimal daily protein intake can dilute the protein supplementation effect. |
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| Keywords: | protein supplements weight training aging frailty sarcopenia resistance training |
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