影响山西恒山野生蒙古黄芪质量的环境因素研究

目的 通过相关性分析和逐步回归分析方法分析海拔、经度、纬度、坡向、坡度生态环境因素对恒山产野生蒙古黄芪黄酮类和皂苷类成分的影响，筛选出影响黄芪质量的主要环境因素。方法 采用HPLC-DAD法测定了毛蕊异黄酮苷、芒柄花苷、毛蕊异黄酮、芒柄花素4种黄酮成分；UPLC-ELSD法测定了黄芪皂苷I、黄芪皂苷II、黄芪皂苷III、黄芪甲苷4种皂苷成分。采用SPSS17.0软件对黄芪各成分进行相关性分析，并以逐步回归分析法分析各生态因素对各成分量的影响。结果 建立逐步回归方程，毛蕊异黄酮苷的量与黄酮总量相关系数为0.958，黄芪皂苷I的量与皂苷总量相关系数为0.969，毛蕊异黄酮的量与芒柄花素的量相关系数为0.896，呈极显著的正相关；皂苷总量与黄酮总量相关系数为?0.505，呈显著的负相关。随着海拔和纬度的升高，黄芪中毛蕊异黄酮和黄酮总量升高；芒柄花素的量随经度的增加而增加；种植在阴坡的黄芪中黄芪皂苷I和皂苷总量的量高，且随坡度增大而升高；黄芪皂苷II的量主要受坡度的影响。结论 影响恒山野生蒙古黄芪药材黄酮成分量的主要因素是海拔和纬度，经度也有一定的影响；坡向和坡度对黄芪的皂苷成分的量有显著的影响，纬度、海拔也有一定的影响。

Effects of environmental factors on quality of wild Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus grown in Hengshan Mountain, Shanxi Province

Objective By using correlation analysis and stepwise regression analysis, the effects of ecological environment factors, such as altitude, latitude, longitude, exposure, and slope, on flavonoids and saponins in wild Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus in Hengshan Mountain and the key factors affecting the quality of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus were screened. Methods The contents of calycosin glucoside, ononin, calycosin, and formononetin were analyzed by HPLC-DAD, astragaloside I, astragaloside II, astragaloside III, and astragaloside IV by UPLC-ELSD. The SPSS17.0 statistical software was used to perform relevant analysis, and with the stepwise regression analysis to analyze the influence of ecological factors on each component. Results The regression equations were established. The correlation coefficients between amounts of calycosin glucoside and total flavonoids, astragaloside I and total saponins, and calycosin and formononetin were 0.958, 0.969, and 0.896, respectively and presented a very significant positive correlation, while total saponins and flavonoids showed a significant negative correlation with the coefficient ?0.505. The content of calycosin and total flavonoids increased with the rise of latitude and altitude; the amount of formononetin improved as longitude; The content of astragaloside I and total saponins with high quantity of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus grown in shady slope rised with the slope increasing and the amount of astragalaside II was mainly influenced by slope. Conclusion The main factors influencing the contents of flavonoids are altitude and latitude, longitude has certain effect, while exposure and slope have significant effects on the contents of saponins, latitude and altitude also have certain effects.