人体寄生虫学学科发展的历史性思考

本文概要地回顾了人体寄生虫学自19世纪末至20世纪早期确立为生物医学的一个独立学科以来跌宕起伏的发展历程,经历了辉煌发展、遭遇挫折和下降,直至20世纪70年代后期以来的复苏和新发展。寄生虫学新的发展时期最显著的特点是寄生虫学的研究融入了正在继续进行的生物学革命,以极快的速度将现代生物学新的理论、概念和技术引入寄生虫学和寄生虫病研究的许多领域,取得了引人瞩目的发展。现代生物学和医学新理论与高新技术成就的渗透,不仅在微观水平上对宿主-寄生虫相互关系作出更加深刻的诠释,而且也为发展新的寄生虫病防治策略提供了新的思路、理论依据和实用技术。尽管如此,作者明确指出,尽管寄生虫病仍然是一类分布广泛、对人类健康威胁甚大的疾病,但人体寄生虫学学科的发展,在现今世界范围内普遍受到忽视,包括医学教育中的寄生虫学教学日渐衰微的趋势已愈来愈受到人们的关注。在本文中作者还就我国寄生虫学学科发展需求、面临的挑战与机遇,我国寄生虫学学科发展战略思考、当前人体寄生虫学研究的主流思维及优先研究领域布局思考等问题发表了若干探讨性意见;作者还涉及了在我国寄生虫（病）学学科未来发展战略制定中一个不能回避的重要问题,即它的学科定位,特别是在医学教育中的学科当前定位带来的困惑及考虑。

A Historical Reflect on the Disciplinary Development of Human Parasitology

The authors, in this paper, has briefly looked back the developmental history of human parasitology, which, as an independent discipline, was established in late 19th century and early 20th century. In the process, it underwent an early height of development, then met with setback and relative decline. Since 70s-80s of last century, the introduction and application of new theory of modern biology, especially advanced biotechniques to parasitology has led to a striking development in many fields of the discipline, leading to deeper understanding of parasite-host interplay as well as providing new ideals and tools for disease control. The authors also stressed that nowadays the discipline is still relatively isolated from the mainstream of modern biologic research and is still neglected by scientific community and medical education in the world, though it still is one of the major problems in public health, particularly in developing world including China. To argue the currently neglected situation of parasitology, especially in medical education, the authors emphasized the continuing requirements for the discipline and reflected on the developmental strategy of parasitology to meet the coming challenges and opportunities for further development.