人参属植物高温蒸制前后人参皂苷含量的变化和细胞毒活性研究

目的 研究人参属植物人参Panax ginseng、三七P.notoginseng和西洋参P.quinquefolium高温蒸制前后主要人参皂苷的含量变化,并测定高温蒸制前后样品对4株肿瘤癌细胞的细胞毒活性.方法 采用HPLC建立了测定22种皂苷含量的分析方法,测定这些皂苷在人参属植物及其高温蒸制品中的含量.用MTT法...

Variation of ginsenosides in raw and processed ginsengs (Panax sp.) and their cytotoxicities

Objective To study the changes in the content of the major ginsenosides of the raw roots and the steaming processed ones of three Panax plants, e.g. Renshen (Panax ginseng), Sanqi (Panax notoginseng) and Xiyangshen (Panax notoginseng) and evaluate the cytotoxicities of raw roots and the steaming processed ones of three Panax plants against four cancer cell lines. Methods An HPLC method was established to qualify the amounts of 22 saponins. The amounts of these saponins in the raw roots and the steaming processed ones were quantified. The cytotoxicities of the raw roots and the steaming processed ones against four cancer cell lines (human myeloid leukemia HL-60, hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC-7721, lung cancer A-549, and breast cancer SK-BR-3 cell lines) were evaluated by MTT methods. Results From them, 22 saponins, including ginsenosides Rg₁, Re, Rb₁, Rc, Rb₂, Rd, Rk₃, Rh₄, Rk₁, Rg₅, Rb₃, Rh₃, Rk₂, 20(S)-and 20(R)-ginsenoside Rh₁, notoginsenosides Fc and R₁, gypenoside IX, 20(S/R)-notoginsenoside Ft₁, 20(S/R)-ginsenosides Rg₃, Rs₃, and Rh₂ were identified. Among them, ginsenosides Rg₁, Re, Rb₁, Rc, Rb₂and Rd, ginsenoside Rg₁, Re, Rb₁and Rd, and ginsenoside Rg₁, Re, Rb₁, Rd and notoginsenosides R₁were found to be the major saponins in the raw roots of P. ginseng, P. quinquefolium, and P. notoginseng, respectively. However, after steaming process, they all changed to be ginsenosides Rk₃, Rh₄, Rk₁, Rg₅ and 20(S/R)-ginsenosides Rg₃. In case of the steaming processed roots of P. notoginseng, two more ginsenosides, 20(S)-ginsenoside Rh₁and 20(R)-ginsenoside Rh₁ were also detected at the same time. Three saponins, notoginsenoside Fc, ginsenoside Rb₃ and gypenoside IX were detected to be the major saponins in the leaves and stems of P. notoginseng, and after steaming process, most of them were changed to other eight saponins, 20(S/R)-notoginsenosides Ft₁, Rg₃, and Rs₃, ginsenosides Rk₁, Rg₅, and 20(S/R)-ginsenoside Rh₂, Rh₃, Rk₂. It was noted that the processed P. notoginseng was more cytotoxic than processed P. ginseng and processed P. quinquefolium. The activity of cytotoxicities of the processed P. notoginseng was better than that of raw P. notoginseng. It means that after steaming process, P. notoginseng become more cytotoxic against four cancer cell lines. Conclusion The main ingredients of three Panax plants disappeared and transformed to others. The cytotoxicities of processed P. notoginseng were stronger than others.