新生抗原在精准肿瘤免疫治疗中的研究进展

个体化精准医疗是肿瘤免疫治疗中非常重要的一部分。新生抗原是一类特异的存在于肿瘤细胞表面主要组织相容性复合物（major histocompatibility complex,MHC）上的抗原表位肽,经由突变的体细胞基因编码、转录和翻译而成的具有特异性氨基酸序列变异的抗原肽。肿瘤细胞的突变"千人千面",根据新生抗原设计治疗方案,就会造成"一人一药"的"定制化"局面。基于新生抗原的个体化肿瘤疫苗疗法是对以PD-1/PD-L1抗体为代表的免疫药物疗法和以CAR-T为代表的免疫细胞疗法的发展。本文从新生抗原的发现过程、新生抗原疫苗在肿瘤免疫治疗方面的临床试验等进行了综述。

Research Progress of Neoantigen in Precision Tumor Immunotherapy

Personalized precision medicine is vital part of tumor immunotherapy. Neoantigen is kind of epitope peptides on major histocompatibility complex(MHC) which is specially located on surface of tumor cells. They are a kind of antigenic peptides with specific amino acid sequence variation, which are encoded, transcribed and translated by mutated somatic genes. There are a thousand Hamlets in a thousand people''s eyes, so as the tumor mutations. Neoantigen is one of the important ways to realize "personalized" therapy. Neoantigen therapy is a supplement to represented by PD-1/PD-L1 antibody and CAR-T. This article reviews the discovery process of neoantigen, the application of neoantigen vaccine in tumor immunotherapy and clinical trials.