异基因造血干细胞移植治疗急性髓系白血病的现状

 异基因造血干细胞移植（allo-HSCT）是治疗急性髓系白血病（AML）的有效方法之一。allo-HSCT的治疗作用来自于预处理中的放疗和（或）化疗，以及供者免疫系统的移植物抗白血病（GVL）效应。近十年来，随着对白血病细胞生物学特性研究的不断深入，根据细胞遗传学和分子标志对AML进行危险程度分级，使我们能够挑选出哪些AML患者可以从allo-HSCT中获益。allo-HSCT治疗AML的临床疗效已有明显提高，并且适用范围也较前扩大，但在AML中的应用还存在一定差异。现对allo-HSCT治疗AML的机制、时机、疗效、供者选择及预处理方案进行讨论。

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in treatment of acute myeloid leukemia

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is an effective way to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The therapy effect of allo-HSCT comes from the preconditioning of the radiation and/or chemotherapy, as well as the graft versus leukemia (GVL) effect of the donor's immune system. In nearly a decade, with the deepening research on biological characteristics of leukemia cells, according to the cytogenetic and molecular markers to dangerous degree classification of AML, which enables us to pick out AML patients can benefit from allo-HSCT. The clinical curative effect of allo-HSCT for AML has obviously improved, and applicable scope has also extended, but there are some differences in the application of AML. The mechanism, opportunity, curative effects, donor selection and preconditioning of allo-HSCT for AML are discussed.