Thapsigargin-induced apoptosis was prevented by glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibitors in PC12 cells |
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Authors: | Tsuneo Takadera Ryoko YoshikawaTakao Ohyashiki |
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Affiliation: | Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Kanazawa 920-1148, Japan |
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Abstract: | Uncontrolled calcium stress has been linked causally to a variety of neurodegenerative diseases, including ischemia, excitotoxicity and Alzheimer's disease. Thapsigargin, which increases [Ca2+]i, induces apoptotic cell death (chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation) accompanied by caspase-3 activation in PC12 cells. We examined whether GSK-3 is involved in thapsigargin-induced cell death by using GSK-3 inhibitors in PC12 cells. Cells treated with 0.1 μM thapsigargin for 24 h shrank. The injured cells underwent chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation, indicating apoptotic cell death. We assayed the effects of selective GSK-3 inhibitors, SB216763, azakenpaullone and alsteropaullone on thapsigargin-induced apoptosis. These inhibitors completely protected cells from thapsigargin-induced apoptosis. Alsterpaullone did not reduce the GRP78 protein expression induced by thapsigargin, suggesting that GSK-3 activation is not involved in induction of GRP78. In addition, GSK-3 inhibitors inhibited caspase-3 activation accompanied by thapsigargin-induced apoptosis. We showed in this report that thapsigargin-induced apoptosis is prevented by GSK-3 inhibitors, suggesting that thapsigargin induces caspase-dependent apoptosis mediated through GSK-3 activation in PC12 cells. |
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Keywords: | Calcium Thapsigargin Glycogen synthase kinase-3 Caspase-3 Apoptosis PC12 cells |
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