椎骨肋头关节肋凹的解剖学及其临床意义

目的:为临床诊治脊柱胸段及胸廓疾患提供解剖学依据并填补国人人类学数据。方法:观察成人成套椎骨标本及新鲜尸体脊柱(C7~T12)。结果:T1上肋凹单独形成肋头关节的占81.8%,T1下~T9上绝大部分为复合肋凹关节面,构成肋头关节肋凹的大部分属上小下大型,少数为上下相等型和上大下小型;其余大部分为单肋凹;T1~T9形成的肋凹大部分上为平面、下为凹面;肋头关节肋凹的位置,C7~T3属体为主型,T4以下逐向后移,T12是根为主型。结论:部分C7和T1形成肋凹关节面;肋头关节肋凹及其位置均有3种类型,T2~T7多为复合球窝形肋凹,其形态变异较多、活动度较大,故易发生劳损、错位。

Anatomy of costal fovea for costal head on vertebrae and its clinical significance

Objective: To provide data for the diagnosis and treatment of thoracic segment and thoracic cage's disease,and for anthropology.Methods: The morphology of costal fovea of adult spinal specimens and fresh cadavers spinal cord(C_(7)-T_(12)) were observed.Results:81.8% of superior costal fovea constituted the joint of costal head on T_(1);most T_(1)-T_(9) were compound facets joint; most joints of costal fovea consisted of 2 facets with superior one smaller than inferior one.Few had equal costal fovea and few with superiors smaller than inferior costal fovea;most of T_(10)-T_(12)had only one costal fovea.Most of superior costal foveas were plane facets and inferior were fovea facets on T_(1)-T_(9).There were superior and inferior costal fovea on the vertebral body(about C_(7)-T_(3)).Costal fovea moved backwards on T_(4)-T_(12);costal fovea of T_(12) were all on the pedicle.Conclusion:Some Costal fovea of C_(7)-T_(1) forms fovea articular facets.The most of costal fovea is made up of 3 types of shape and position.Most T_(2)-T_(7) are spheroid costal fovea.They are liable to be damaged and distorted because their movements are larger and more flexible.