人类胚胎基因编辑的价值反思

基因编辑技术发展迅速,为人类治疗遗传性疾病带来了希望,同时也满足了患病夫妇生育健康后代的权利。但目前技术尚不成熟,贸然将其运用于人类,不仅面临着脱靶及人类基因多样性减少的风险,还存在着代际关系、社会公平及胚胎交易的伦理问题。为促进基因编辑技术健康发展,我国有必要对该技术采取规范措施,主要包括:重视技术的基础和临床前研究,禁止临床运用;完善基因编辑技术的法律法规,做到有法可依、有章可循;独立的伦理委员会对基因编辑技术运用的审查监管;合理的科研导向与管理,并加强科研人员的责任和伦理意识。

Reflection on the value of human embryo gene editing

The rapid development of gene editing technology brings hope to treat hereditary diseases in humans,and also satisfies the rights of sick couples to have healthy offspring. However,this technology is still immature at present. If it is rashly applied to humans,people has to face not only the risk of off-target and the reduction of human genetic diversity,but also the ethical issues of intergenerational relations,social equity and embryo trading. Hence it is necessary to take normative measures to promote the healthy development of the technology in China at the present stage such as attach importance to the basic and preclinical research of the technology and prohibit clinical application,perfect and adhere to the laws and regulations of gene editing technology,establish independent ethics committee to review and monitor the use of gene-editing techniques,have reasonable scientific research guidance and management,and strengthen the responsibility and ethical awareness of researchers.