On the Complexity of D Antigen Typing: A Handy Decision Tree in the Age of Molecular Blood Group Diagnostics |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Professor, Immunohematology, Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Ulm, and Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, Germany;2. Scientist, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, and Research and Development, Canadian Blood Services, Toronto ON;3. Medical Director, RBC serology reference laboratory, The Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA;1. National Taras Shevchenko University, Department of Physics, 2 Acad. Glushkova Pr., Kyiv 03127, Ukraine;2. Institute for Scintillation Materials of STC “Institute for Single Crystals”, NAS of Ukraine, 60 Nauky Ave., 61001 Kharkiv, Ukraine;3. Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 48 Kharkivske shausse, Kyiv 02160, Ukraine;4. Institute of Biocolloidal Chemistry named after F. D. Ovcharenko, NAS of Ukraine, 42 Vernadsky Prosp., 03142 Kyiv, Ukraine;5. Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Laboratoire de Transformations Intégrées de la Matière Renouvelable, EA 4297, Centre de Recherches de Royallieu, BP 20529, 60205 Compiègne Cedex, France;1. Japanese Red Cross Kinki Block Blood Centre, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan;2. Division of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Shizuoka Cancer Centre, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka, Japan;1. Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands;2. Laboratory of Diagnostics, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands;3. Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands;4. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands;5. Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;6. Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapies Program, Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York;1. University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA;2. University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA;3. McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA;4. Vitalant Research Institute, Denver, Colorado, USA;5. Vitalant, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA;6. University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA |
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| Abstract: | RH is the most complex of all 29 blood group systems. New discoveries relating to the RHD gene, and an appreciation of its variant phenotypes such as weak D and partial D, have challenged the way that D status is assigned to both blood donors and blood product recipients. This concise review introduces the current concepts of weak D and partial D and how the identification of these variants has influenced the testing methods for the D antigen. We demonstrate how molecular tests of the RHD gene can and should be used in resolving serological discrepancies, in particular in pregnant women. |
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