Malignant lymphoma of the larynx: a case report and review of the literature

BACKGROUND: Malignant lymphoma of the larynx are rare tumors and represent less than 1% of primary malignant laryngeal tumors. CASE REPORT: In this case report we present a case of a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the larynx. Clinical presentation, diagnostic approach, staging and differential diagnosis as well as therapy and prognosis are discussed in relation to the available literature. CONCLUSIONS: Lymphomas primary to the larynx are non-Hodgkin-lymphomas and are predominantly located in the supraglottic larynx. The presenting symptoms and signs include dysphagia, dysphonia, dyspnea which on occasion can be severe, and enlarged cervical lymphoma. B-symptoms are mostly not present. Indirect laryngoscopy reveals a globoid submucosal faintly pink tumor mass. The diagnosis rests on histological examination of a biopsy specimen. Benign tumors, squamous cell carcinoma and other lymphoproliferative diseases have to be excluded from the differential diagnosis. Extensive tumor staging is necessary before radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Surgery is not indicated, even in localized disease. Prognosis is good in the most often localized laryngeal non-Hodgkin-lymphomas (stage IE and IIE) and generalization is rare. Hence, supraglottic submucosal laryngeal tumors can represent non-Hodgkin-lymphomas. Biopsy and subsequent histological examination are essential for correct diagnosis.