住院飞行人员耳鼻咽喉头颈外科疾病谱分析（2002—2011）

摘要：目的分析住院飞行人员耳鼻咽喉头颈外科（简称耳鼻喉科）疾病谱特点，为新时期航卫保障提供参考。方法从某医院住院飞行人员病历中抽取2002年1月-2011年12月耳鼻喉科疾病资料，建立疾病谱、对比分析歼（强）击机（A组）、运输（轰炸）机（B组）、直升机（C组）飞行人员的疾病特点，并与既往资料比较。结果10年间飞行人员因耳鼻喉科疾病住院共447例594例次（有的飞行人员同时或先后患2种以上疾病），排前10位疾病的为慢性鼻炎一鼻窦炎、感音神经性聋、急性鼻炎、阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（obstructivesleepapnea—hypopneasyndrome，OSAHS）、耳气压伤、甲状腺肿瘤、鼻中隔偏曲、眩晕、鼻窦囊肿、变应性鼻炎。急性鼻炎构成比B组高于A组（x。=3．92，P〈0．05）；眩晕、严重飞行错觉、空晕病构成比A组高于B组（x2=4．25，P〈0．05；x2=12．87，P〈0．01；x2=4．38，P〈0．05）；梅尼埃病c组高于A组和B组（x2=4．80，P〈0．05；x2=8．5，P〈0．01）。导致停飞的主要疾病为梅尼埃病、感音神经性聋、耳气压伤、眩晕、空晕病、严重飞行错觉等。结论住院飞行人员鼻科疾病占比高，但停飞主要为耳科疾病。与既往资料相比，住院疾病谱中耳气压伤的构成比呈下降趋势，而慢性鼻炎一鼻窦炎、感音神经性聋和OSAHS的构成比呈上升趋势。

Disease spectrum of pilots admitted to department of otolaryngology-head and neck surgery from 2002 to 2011

Objective To provide the evidence for aeromedical support in the new period by analyzing the disease spectrum characteristics of pilots admitted to department of otolaryngology-head and neck surgery. Methods Disease spectrum was established using the clinical data about pilots admitted to department of otolaryngology-head and neck surgery of our hospital from January 2002 to December 2011. Fighter （attack） pilots, transporter （bomber） pilots, and helicopter pilots served as group A, group B, and group C, respectively, in this study. Their disease features were analyzed and compared with the past data. Results Four hundred and forty-seven pilots （594 cases/times） were admitted to our hospital due to ortohinolaryngologic diseases in the past 10 years. The top 10 diseases they suffered were chronic rhinosinusitis, sensorineural deafness, acute rhinitis, OSAHS, aural barotrauma, thyroid tumor, deviation of nasal septum, vertigo, nasal sinus cyst, allergic rhinitis. The incidence of acute rhinitis was higher in group B than in group A（X 2=3.92, P 〈 0.05）whereas that of vertigo, serious flight illusion and airsickness was higher in group A than in group B （X 2=4.25, P 〈 0.05; X 2=12.87, P 〈 0.01; X 2=4.38, P 〈 0.05）and that of meniere＇s disease was higher in group C than in groups A and B （X 2=4.80, P 〈 0.05; X 2=8.50, P 〈 0.01）. The diseases that led to the pilots being grounded were Meniere＇s disease, sensorineural deafness, aural barotraumas, vertigo, airsickness, and serious flight illusion. Conclusion The admission rate of pilots due to ortohinolaryngologic diseases is high. However, otopathy is the major reason for pilots to be grounded. The incidence of aural barotraumas tends to decrease whereas that of chronic rhinosinusitis, sensorineural deafness, and OSAHS tends to increase as comoared with the past data：