安徽省芜湖市特殊人群弓形虫感染现状调查

目的 了解芜湖市特殊人群弓形虫感染现状,探讨主要易感因素,为制订弓形虫病防治措施提供依据。方法 抽取芜湖市孕妇、家庭养猫/犬者、畜产品加工人员、肿瘤病人、HIV/AIDS患者等5类人群作为调查对象,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测血清中弓形虫特异抗体IgM 和IgG,并进行问卷调查,分析感染危险因素。结果 共调查3 378人,弓形虫阳性率为11.07%,其中IgM 阳性率为0.83%,IgG 阳性率为10.24%。60岁及以上年龄组感染率最高(14.13%),各年龄组感染率的差异具有统计学意义(χ ²=17.327,P <0.05)。文化程度较高人群弓形虫感染率较低,不同文化程度人群间弓形虫感染率差异有统计学意义(χ²=20.278,P <0.05)。孕妇、家庭养猫/犬者、畜产品加工人员、肿瘤病人、HIV/AIDS患者的感染率分别为9.65%、12.03%、12.75%、15.68%、7.06%,各人群间感染率的差异具有统计学意义(χ²=15.625,P <0.05)。易感因素调查发现,弓形虫感染与经常吃火锅、烧烤、生熟砧板不分及不了解弓形虫防治知识等因素存在统计学关联。结论 芜湖市特殊人群弓形虫感染率较高,需有针对性地加强弓形虫病防治知识的宣传教育,增强个人防护意识,养成良好的饮食和卫生习惯。

Investigation on Toxoplasma gondii infectionamong special populations in Wuhu City,Anhui Province

Objective To understand the status of Toxoplasma gondii(T.gondii)prevalence and related factors among special population in Wuhu City for evidence to formulate preventive measures for toxoplasmosis.Methods Subjects for current study were selected from pregnant women,individuals with domestic cats/dogs,workers in livestock processing industry,tumor patients and victims of HIV/AIDS infection.All participants underwent detection of the serum IgG and IgM antibodies against T.gondii using ELISA,and questionnaires on the epidemiological aspects of the infection.Then the risk factors were analyzed.Results Totally,3378 subjects were included.Prevalence of T.gondii was 11.07%,in which 0.83%and 10.24%were positive for IgM and IgG,respectively.The infection rate was the highest in population aged 60 year or over(14.13%),and varied statistically in different age group(χ^2=17.327,P<0.05),whereas was the lowest in population with higher educational level,and the difference was statistically significant in participants with different educational background(χ^2=20.278,P<0.05).T.gondii infection occurred in pregnant women,individuals with domestic cats/dogs,workers in livestock processing industry,tumor patients and victims of HIV/AIDS infection,respectively by 9.65%,12.03%,12.75%,15.68%and 7.06%,with significant difference among groups(χ^2=15.625,P<0.05).Observation on the susceptibility factors showed that T.gondii infection was statistically associated with regular consumption of hotpot dishes and barbecued food,mixed use of the same chopping board for processing foods and poor knowledge on prevention of toxoplasmosis.Conclusion The infection rate of T.gondii remains relatively higher in special population in Wuhu City,which suggests that this group of people should be strengthened with health education in knowledge of T.gondii infection in order to improve their awareness on personal protection as well as the hygiene practices and diet habits.