新疆伽师县内脏利什曼病媒介白蛉调查

目的调查新疆伽师县的白蛉种类、季节消长等生态学特性。方法 2009年5月中旬至9月上旬,在伽师县卧里托克拉克乡的居民点和野外采集白蛉,鉴定后计算蛉种组成和性别比例,统计白蛉数量和密度,观察白蛉通宵活动情况。解剖白蛉,分析雌蛉生殖营养周期,检查白蛉体内利什曼原虫自然感染情况;以油纸、捕蛉罩等方法调查白蛉栖息地。结果捕获白蛉4540只,其中99.9%为吴氏白蛉,微小司蛉新疆亚种仅占0.1%。人房处在5月底6月初出现第1个密度高峰,8月中旬出现第2个密度高峰。白蛉的活动主要集中在22:00～次日4:00,午夜0:00达到活动最高峰。生殖营养周期分析表明吴氏白蛉为野生野栖蛉种,主要在户外吸血,有较强的嗜人血习性;在4只白蛉体内查到内脏利什曼原虫前鞭毛体,野外(3只)的自然感染率高于人房内(1只)。栖息地调查发现畜圈内墙壁缝隙等处是白蛉的栖息地。结论新疆伽师县的优势蛉种为吴氏白蛉,其每年有2个世代,主要栖息在各种隐蔽、恒温的洞穴和缝隙中。

Investigation on transmitting vectors of visceral leishmaniasis in Jiashi County, Xinjiang

Objective To investigate sandfly vectors transmitting visceral leishmaniasis, including species and seasonal distribution in Jiashi county of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Methods Sandflies were collected in the field, counted and identified. The specimens were dissected to analyze the gonotrophic cycle and to find infection of promastigotes. The resting places were observed by using oil-paper and sandfly-capturing trap. Results 4 540 sandflies were collected with 99.9% of Phlebotomus wui and only 0.1% Sergentomyia minutus sinkiangensis. On the seasonal distribution, the first peak appeared by the end of May and the first ten-day of June, and the second peak was in the middle of August. Observation showed that the activity of sandflies occurred mainly from 22：00 to 4：00, reaching to the maximum in the midnight. Analysis on the gonotrophic cycle revealed that Ph. wui was an exophilic species and appeared nocturnally for feeding with preference to human blood. Natural infection with promastigotes was found in 4 sandflies, more in the field than the residential area. Resting places included the aperture on the wall of livestock sheds and in the caves. Conclusion Ph. wui is the predominant species in Jiashi, with higher infection rate of natural promastigotes in the field and with two life generations annually.